Effects of stream hydraulics and other environmental variables on density of Narapa bonettoi (Oligochaeta) in the Paraná River system

Abstract

AbstractHydraulic and substratum conditions have been identified as two stream features which affect the benthic community composition, abundance and distribution. However, little attention has been given to the influence of hydraulic variables in large river beds. The aim of this study was to analyse the incidence of the near‐bottom hydraulic conditions and other environmental variables on the density of Narapa bonettoi (Oligochaeta, Narapidae), a typical and dominant species found in sandy bed rivers of diverse hierarchy of the Paraná River basin. A large amount of existing and available benthic data were used. The highest correlations among N. bonettoi densities and environmental variables were obtained with the hydraulic variables of friction Reynolds number (R*) and shear stress (τ0); the substratum type (sand, silt and clay) and organic matter content. The results show that N. bonettoi density would be related with the hydraulic variables following a ‘bell‐shaped’ tendency, e.g. with the friction Reynolds number, N. bonettoi would have a preference for transition values of turbulence (∼40 < R* < ∼50), which is equivalent to τ0 between ∼0.6 and ∼0.8 kg −2. Densities show a slight decreasing tendency toward the maximum R* values, suggesting that the species does not support a completely developed turbulence (R* > ∼70). Significant but negative correlations were reported in the literature between benthic macroinvertebrates typical of smaller and steeper streams and R* values far beyond the threshold 70 value. N. bonettoi shows a clear preference for a completely sandy substratum and for sand particles sizes around 300 µm. Finally, considering the important role played by the hydraulic variables on the benthic community studied herein, the contagious distribution pattern of N. bonettoi, reported by other authors, would be principally linked with the interactions between current and sediment near the bottom rather than with the mobility of these organisms. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.