Abstract
It is essential to reduce structural damages caused by earthquakes in severe conditions, such as layered ground, especially when a soft soil layer is close to the surface. In this study, the kinematic and inertial interactions, two mechanisms of soil–foundation–structure interaction (SFSI), of different soil–foundation–structure systems (SFS) were investigated on uniform and layered grounds. Two layered soil profiles composed of a low stiffness layer laid over another were prepared in an equivalent shear beam container. Nine centrifuge experiments were carried out for three structures located on the surface of each ground and exposed to the Hachinohe earthquake while increasing the peak acceleration of the input motion. Numerical simulations were performed to simulate the centrifuge tests. It was found that roof motion (RM) of the tall structure increased in layered profile even though the free-field motion (FFM) decreased compared to homogeneous ground. The appearance of a soft layer beneath structures modifies the SFS system’s stiffness that causes kinematic and inertial interactions to alter to those on uniform soil profile.
Highlights
The fundamental influence of the soil–foundation–structure interaction (SFSI) on the seismic response of structures during earthquakes is well known
Kinematic interaction is generally described by base-slap averaging and embedment effects by means of the transfer functions between free-field motion (FFM) to Foundation Input Motion (FIM) and is responsible for the reduction in the FIM at high-frequency contents compared to the FFM [5,6,7,8]
The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of seismic behavior on various foundation–structure systems located on different layered grounds
Summary
The fundamental influence of the soil–foundation–structure interaction (SFSI) on the seismic response of structures during earthquakes is well known. The inertial interaction is caused by the translational and rocking behaviors of the soil–foundation–structure (SFS) system, which increases the system period and damping compared to fixed-base structures [1,2,3,4]. Prasad [6] proposed closed-form expressions of translational and rotational transfer functions for rectangular and circular foundations where the amplitude depends mostly on incoherence parameters (i.e., kt for translational and kr for rocking behaviors) in a homogeneous ground condition. It is essential when estimating FIM in analytical SFSI analysis to choose reasonable values for these incoherence parameters. Kim and Stewart [8] explored how kt increases with increasing shear wave velocity (Vs ) of the soil or with decreasing width of the foundation
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