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Abstract
When creating a simulation model to assess the performance of buildings, there is usually a lack of feedback information. Only in the case of measurements of a real building is a direct comparison of the measured values and simulated results possible. Parameter data related to users’ behavior or other events can also be obtained. Their evaluated frequency, magnitude and duration, along with boundary conditions, are crucial for the results. It is clear that none of them can be predicted very accurately. Most of them, however, are needed for computer modeling. In this paper we analyzed the well-defined TRNSYS simulation model of offices equipped with radiant ceiling panels for heating and cooling. The model was based on real case offices and was validated based on measurements for 1 year. The analysis included simulations in order to define what effect the parameters related mainly to users have on the energy use and the indoor air temperatures. The study confirmed that specific human activities influence the annual energy use to a relatively small degree and that their effects often counteract. It also confirmed the even more important fact that although small, these activities can influence the thermal comfort of users. It is believed that despite the fact that this research was based on an analysis of offices equipped with radiant ceiling panels, most of the results could be applied generally.
Highlights
The energy efficiency of buildings is the foremost characteristic of a sustainable built environment, and one that can affect the thermal comfort of users
The deviation of the results for the energy use in the model with generalized parameters compared to the validated model is 7.2% for heating (7.2% lower compared with the validated model) and 5.8% for cooling (5.8% higher compared with the validated model)
The simulations on the validated model confirmed that five of the identified parameters that were mainly influenced by users did not have a significant effect on the result of energy use on an annual basis
Summary
The energy efficiency of buildings is the foremost characteristic of a sustainable built environment, and one that can affect the thermal comfort of users. The importance of the analyses is evident in the introduction of new technologies that need to be evaluated for their general performance and energy efficiency in different integration concepts. Such technical assessments can be achieved by performing different kinds of tests and measurements. The latter are successful when combined with real-case demonstrations [1,2,3]. The most effective method is certainly to combine the two approaches in
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