Abstract
Animal manure is a source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and other pollutants and nuisances such as ammonia and odors. There are several technologies to reduce emissions on animal farms including manure additives; however, few have been proven effective and easy to apply to dairy lagoon systems. The present research aimed at testing the ability of the commercial additive “SOP LAGOON” to reduce emissions of GHGs (i.e., carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O)), as well as ammonia (NH3) and odors from lagoon stored liquid manure. Emissions of GHGs, NH3 and odors were measured in the laboratory from barrels filled with 65 L of manure treated with SOP LAGOON or left untreated as a control. Manure was collected from a commercial dairy that is located in Solano County, California. Emissions of GHGs and NH3 were continuously measured for one week using flux chambers placed on top of the barrels and connected to a mobile air emissions laboratory. The effects of the untreated control, versus the two respective treatment additive doses of 30.8 and 61.6 g/m3 of manure were compared to each other. The low dose was selected based on the manufacturer recommendation and the high dose was selected by doubling the low dose. Results showed that SOP LAGOON applied at the high dose (61.6 g of SOP LAGOON per m3 of manure) versus the control greatly reduced (p < 0.05) emissions of CO2, CH4, N2O and NH3 by 14.7%, 22.7%, 45.4% and 45.9%, respectively. Furthermore, the high dose of SOP LAGOON treated samples versus the control samples showed less odor intensity (p < 0.05). There was no significant effect of the low dose of SOP LAGOON on the emissions of different gases. The HIGH dose of SOP LAGOON might decrease the number of methanogens and hydrolytic microorganisms and their excreted enzymes during manure storage. Further studies are needed to investigate the mechanism of emission reduction using SOP LAGOON.
Highlights
The international community has increased awareness of air pollutants and greenhouse gas (GHG) being emitted from agriculture, including animal husbandry
The IPCC estimated that agriculture contributes about 24% of GHG emissions from anthropogenic sources globally in 2010 [1], and about 9% in the US [2]
The new Global Warming Potential (GWP*) was proposed, which recalculates the impact of methane taking into account the shorter lifespan of this gas in the atmosphere [4]
Summary
The international community has increased awareness of air pollutants and greenhouse gas (GHG) being emitted from agriculture, including animal husbandry. The IPCC estimated that agriculture contributes about 24% of GHG emissions from anthropogenic sources globally in 2010 [1], and about 9% in the US [2]. CO2 inventories, the industry is a major source of CH4 and N2O that have global warming potentials 25 and 298 times greater than CO2, respectively [3], when calculated on a 100-year time span. The new Global Warming Potential (GWP*) was proposed, which recalculates the impact of methane taking into account the shorter lifespan of this gas in the atmosphere [4]. The proposed value for methane’s warming potential is 84 times that of CO2, implying that changes in these emissions have a greater impact on the climate than what was previously estimated. Ammonia is not a GHG, it is considered a secondary source of N2O due to its re-deposition on the land [5]
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