Abstract
In this study, the effects of some commonly used fungicides (Copper hydroxide, Diphenoconazole+Propiconazole, Iprodione, Mancozeb, Metiram and Propineb) and foliar fertilizers (Zinc, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Manganese, Potassium and Urea) were examined on phyllosphere microorganisms population on citrus leaves. As a results of the isolations from the leaves, mostly Cryptococcus spp. and Sporobolomyces spp. And Cladosporium spp. and Aureobasidium spp. were obtained in less rates. Mancozeb and Copper hydroxide had the greatest impact on mycoflora. During the period of these fungicide applications, fungal population decreased by approximately 50-fold. Effects of these fungicides continued up to 6 months after application. Diphenoconazole+Propiconazole and Iprodione had no significant effect on the fungal population. Effect of Metiram and Propineb fungicides disappeared after 2 months of applications. Although foliar fertilizers seemed to have a negative impact on fungal populations, repeated applications increased the mycoflora. Especially foliar fertilizers such as zinc and phosphorus remarkably increased Sporobolomyces species.
Highlights
Leaf surface called as phyllosphere is inhabited by many microorganisms
Population development of phyllosphere mycoflora In Hernandina Mandarin orchard, results of population throughout the year revealed that phyllosphere mycoflora contains mainly Cryptococcus and Sporobolomyces species (Table 3)
Widespread phyllosphere fungi isolated throughout the year populations vary according to the microorganism species, leaves size and seasonal events
Summary
Leaf surface called as phyllosphere is inhabited by many microorganisms. The global surface area of the phyllosphere has been estimated to over 4 × 108 km. A study on the estimation of the diversity of phyllosphere bacteria in the 20.000 vascular plants inhabiting the Brazilian Atlantic forest, suggested the possible occurrence of 2-13 million phyllosphere bacrerial species in this habitat alone [5]. Many of these species are gram-negative and belong to genera Erwinia, Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium and
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