Abstract
BackgroundSleeve gastrectomy (SG) is a profoundly effective operation for severe obese patients, but is closely associated with bone mass loss. Previous studies have reported changes of various serum factors which may be associated with bone mass loss after SG. However, those results are contradictory. In this study, we assessed the effects of SG on bone mass, microstructure of femurs, and changes in bone turnover markers (BTMs), serum adipokines, inflammatory factors and gastrointestinal hormones after SG in high-fat diet (HFD) induced obese rats.MethodsEight-week-old male Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were fed with HFD to induce obesity. Then, SG and sham surgery were performed in anesthetized obese rats. SD rats in control group were fed with standard chow. Microstructure of femurs was scanned and analyzed by micro-computed tomography in control group, HFD sham group and HFD SG group. Serum inflammatory factors, adipokines markers, gastrointestinal hormones and BTMs were also measured.ResultsBone mineral density (BMD) of trabecular bone in both HFD sham group and HFD SG group were remarkably decreased compared with control group. All serum BTMs were significantly higher in HFD SG group than HFD sham group. In the meantime, serum levels of several important inflammatory factors, gastrointestinal hormones and adipokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1), ghrelin, insulin and leptin in HFD SG group were remarkably reduced compared with HFD sham group, whereas glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), adiponectin, fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-19 and FGF-21 were dramatically increased after SG. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) was significantly increased in the HFD sham group than control group. Spearman’s correlation analysis indicated that serum osteocalcin (OC) and 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) were positively correlated with BMD of trabecular bone, whereas serum PTP1B and TNF-α were negatively related to BMD of trabecular bone.ConclusionsSG aggravates bone mass loss and activates bone remodeling in obese rats. Levels of BTMs, adipokines, inflammatory factors, and gastrointestinal hormones could be affected by SG in obese rats. Serum PTP1B level might be associated with abnormal bone mass in obese rats.
Highlights
Obesity, mainly caused by unhealthy dietary habits and sedentary lifestyle, is considered to be a serious public health problem [1]
Effect of Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) surgery on bone mineral density (BMD) The trabecular BMD (Tb BMD) in both high-fat diet (HFD) sham group and HFD SG group were remarkably decreased compared with control group
There was no significant change in Tb BMD between HFD sham group and HFD SG group, a decrease in value still occur in HFD SG group, indicating a trend of further bone loss in trabecular bone after SG
Summary
Mainly caused by unhealthy dietary habits and sedentary lifestyle, is considered to be a serious public health problem [1]. SG is considered to be a restrictive procedure by removing approximately 80% of the lateral stomach It could significantly reduce food intake [13], induce alterations of hormones and accelerate gastrointestinal transit [14]. It has been found in previous literature that various factors secreted by adipose tissue were changed after SG [8, 15,16,17]. We assessed the effects of SG on bone mass, microstructure of femurs, and changes in bone turnover markers (BTMs), serum adipokines, inflammatory factors and gastrointestinal hormones after SG in high-fat diet (HFD) induced obese rats
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