Abstract
This study evaluated the antibacterial effects of short-time exposure of surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) eluate on oral microcosm biofilm. Biofilms were treated with an S-PRG eluate at different concentrations (25%, 50%, and 100%), distilled water (DW), and 0.1% chlorhexidine (CHX) twice a day for 5 min repeatedly. After 7 days, the total and aciduric bacterial counts and biofilm dry weights were measured. An image analysis program calculated the red/green (R/G) ratios in the biofilm autofluorescence images. Microscopic analyses quantified the biofilm thickness and live/dead cell ratio and determined morphological changes in the biofilm. Bacterial counts and dry weights were not significantly different in the DW group for all S-PRG eluate concentrations. An increasing trend in the R/G ratio for 7 days biofilm treatment was observed for the S-PRG eluate and the DW groups. Furthermore, the live/dead cell ratios in the biofilm and the biofilm thickness of the S-PRG eluate groups were similar to those of the DW group. The bacteria morphology inside the biofilm changed only in the CHX group. Short-time S-PRG eluate treatment showed no significant antibacterial and antibiofilm effects. These results indicated that limited biofilm formation inhibition can be obtained by using only the S-PRG eluate.
Highlights
This study evaluated the antibacterial effects of short-time exposure of surface pre-reacted glassionomer (S-pre-reacted glass-ionomer (PRG)) eluate on oral microcosm biofilm
The antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of an surface pre-reacted glassionomer (S-PRG) eluate were evaluated for clinical relevance by simulating the use of mouthwash
In a previous study that reported the antibacterial effect, the addition of 25% S-PRG eluate significantly reduced the cell viability of Streptococci adjusted to 1 × 105 colony-forming units (CFUs)/ml; this reduction was not observed at 1 × 109 CFU/ml[9]
Summary
This study evaluated the antibacterial effects of short-time exposure of surface pre-reacted glassionomer (S-PRG) eluate on oral microcosm biofilm. Various recent studies have reported the remineralization and antibacterial activities of dental restorative materials constructed using a pre-reacted glass-ionomer (PRG) technology in combination with polymers[4]. Most of the studies examining the antibacterial and antibiofilm effects on oral bacteria using an S-PRG eluate were performed only on planktonic bacteria or single-species b iofilms[5,9]. Dry weight (mg/ml) 1.30 (1.00–1.60)a 1.30 (1.05–1.40)a 1.00 (0.90–1.15)a 1.00 (0.95–1.20)a 0.40 (0.40–0.55)b on biofilm control, the determination of the efficacy of new antibacterial substances requires the measurement of the changes in the pathogenicity of the biofilm using a multispecies microcosm biofilm model that reflects a realistic oral environment, rather than assessing the viability against a single bacteria or a single-species biofilm
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