Effects of self-management intervention under self-efficacy theory on 7-14 years old children with asthma

Abstract

Objective To explore the effects of self-management intervention under the self-efficacy theory on 7-14 years old children with asthma. Methods In this prospective study, totally 201 pediatric patients with asthma treated in Tangshan Maternal & Child Health Care Hospital from April 2016 to April 2018 were selected and divided into managed (n=42) and control (n=42) groups according to the random number table. Patients in the control group received conventional care according to the recommendations under Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) , while patients in the managed group received self-management intervention under the self-efficacy theory on this basis for 6 months. The frequency of asthma and emergency treatment during the intervention period was calculated, and the control of asthma and pulmonary function within 1 year after intervention was evaluated. Exercise of Self-care Agency Scale (ESCA) and Chronic Disease Resilience Scale for Children (CDRSC) were used to assess the self-care agency and psychological resilience of the two groups before and after intervention. Results Compared with the control group, the average frequency of asthma and emergency treatment was reduced in the managed group during the intervention period. The proportion of patients whose asthma was partially or fully controlled within 1 year after intervention increased, and there was statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05) . Daytime and nighttime symptom scores and pulmonary function were ameliorated in both groups after intervention. The improvement effects were better in the managed group than in the control group, and there was statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05) . The scores of self-concept, self-care responsibility, self-care skill and health knowledge in ESCA and the scores of personalities, coping style and interpersonal relationship in CDRSC increased in both groups after intervention. The scores of the managed group were higher than those of the control group, and there was statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05) . Conclusions Self-management intervention under the self-efficacy theory can effectively improve the self-care agency and psychological resilience in 7-14 years old children with asthma, thus reducing the incidence of asthma and emergency treatment and improving the recovery of pulmonary function. Key words: Asthma; Children; Self-care agency; Psychological resilience; Self-efficacy theory; Self-management nursing