Abstract
Background: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has had a global impact on millions of people's lives. Deteriorations in cellular activities induced by this lethal virus are not yet completely understood, and so its long-term consequences are unknown. There is increasing evidence that SARS-CoV-2 and its vaccinations may have a deleterious influence on DNA damage response (DDR)-associated proteins. Objective: To investigate the status of DNA integrity in COVID-19-recovered patients and post-recovered vaccinated individuals. Methods: Blood samples were taken from 88 participants who completed questionnaires and conducted face-to-face interviews. The samples were classified into four categories based on the subjects' PCR and vaccination status: PCR negative/not vaccinated, PCR positive/not vaccinated, PCR negative/vaccinated, and PCR positive/vaccinated. ELISA kits were used to determine the expression levels of TP53BP1, Chk1, and SARS-CoV-2 IgG proteins. Results: SARS-CoV-2 did not significantly reduce Chk1 expression, but it did have a significant negative influence on TP53BP1 expression when compared to the first group. Infection with SARS-CoV-2 and its vaccination resulted in increased Chk1 and IgG levels, as well as a significant increase in TP53BP1 expression compared to the second group. Conclusions: Both SARS-CoV-2 infection and the anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine may have a deleterious influence on DDR-associated proteins in vitro. Post-infection immunization may boost viral protection. While some studies imply that DDR effects are reversible, more research is needed to corroborate these assertions.
Published Version
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