Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the mycotoxins most frequently encountering in cereal-based foods throughout the world. Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used to alleviate porcine jejunal epithelia cell (IPEC-J2) injury induced by DON in this study. The results indicated that cell viability and proliferation rates were significantly decreased when DON concentrations were increased from 0 to 64 µM after 24 h incubation (p < 0.05). The longer incubation time and higher DON concentrations would cause more serious effects on cell viability. S. cerevisiae could significantly degrade DON and decrease lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) release in the cells induced by DON (p < 0.05). DON (4 µM) could increase necrotic and apoptotic cell rates as well as decrease viable cell rates, compared with the control group (p < 0.05). However, S. cerevisiae addition in the DON group could decrease necrotic, late apoptotic and early apoptotic cell rates by 38.05%, 46.37% and 44.78% respectively, increase viable cell rates by 2.35%, compared with the single DON group (p < 0.05). In addition, S. cerevisiae addition could up-regulate mRNA abundances of IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 in IPEC-J2 cells (p < 0.05), but down-regulate mRNA abundances of tight junction proteins (TJP-1) and occludin by 36.13% and 50.18% at 1 µM of DON (p < 0.05). It could be concluded that S. cerevisiae was able to alleviate IPEC-J2 cell damage exposed to DON.
Highlights
Deoxynivalenol (DON), known as vomitoxin, is a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium crookwellense and Fusarium sambucinum, and so on
Effect of DON and S. cerevisiae on IPEC‐J2 cell viability and proliferation rates Figure 1 indicated that cell viability and proliferation rates were significantly decreased when DON concentrations were increased from 0 to 64 μM after 24 h incubation (p < 0.05)
It was deduced that the longer incubation time and higher DON concentrations would cause more serious effects on cell viability
Summary
Deoxynivalenol (DON), known as vomitoxin, is a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium crookwellense and Fusarium sambucinum, and so on. DON is a widespread feed contaminant and considered as an important risk factor for both human and animal health. When the animals are exposed to feed or food contaminated with DON, it may cause anorexia, alter immunologic function, reduce weight gain and nutrient efficiency. The gastrointestinal tract represents the first barrier against contaminated food and feed (Odenwald and Turner 2013). Several studies have described the direct effects of DON-contaminated food or feed on gastrointestinal tract and intestinal epithelial cells (Prelusky et al 1988; Pinton et al 2012). The previous reports showed that proliferation and viability of intestinal cells were impaired by DON (Diesing et al 2011a; Pinton et al 2012, 2015).
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