Abstract
Rumble strips aim to alert the driver of dangerous situations via acoustic and tactile stimulation. They can, however, also lead to increased noise in the surroundings. Strip parameters and the vehicle type determines the size of these acoustic and vibratory effects. In our work, 16 rumble strip types (including strips with irregular spacing) were evaluated with respect to their effects on acoustics, vibration, and perception. Interior and exterior emissions caused by controlled pass-overs of a car and a truck were recorded. Annoyance, urgency, and reaction time of 16 listeners were tested in a laboratory experiment and models mapping acoustics to perception were developed. Steering wheel and seat vibrations were acquired. Our results show a high correlation of interior and exterior noise. The loudness level was the best predictor of perceived annoyance and urgency. Irregular spacing reduced the tonality at the cost of a difficult production process. While a large variety of strip types produced a sufficient acoustic effect in the passenger car, the acoustic response was lower in the truck. Combined with the low vibration levels found in the truck, an identification of an optimal strip type for both vehicle types turns out to be difficult.
Highlights
Rumble strips are a sequence of grooves milled into the road surface or road markings raised on the road [1,2,3,4]
Results from a regression model of the interior noise level change in a passenger car indicate that (1) the sound level increases with the speed but decreases with increasing spacing between the grooves, (2) milled rumble strips are louder than rolled ones, and (3) a concrete or wet surface reduces the effect of the strips [4]
16 different strip designs were tested on two vehicle types, a passenger car and a truck
Summary
Rumble strips are a sequence of grooves milled into the road surface or road markings raised on the road [1,2,3,4] They can be placed along the boundaries of a road as longitudinal rumble strips or placed across a road as transversal rumble strips. The investigated parameters were the type (rolled grooves, milled grooves, raised markings), groove geometry (width, length, depth or height), as well as spacing between the grooves, see e.g. Results from a regression model of the interior noise level change in a passenger car indicate that (1) the sound level increases with the speed but decreases with increasing spacing between the grooves, (2) milled rumble strips are louder than rolled ones, and (3) a concrete or wet surface reduces the effect of the strips [4]. When considering the vehicle type as parameter, for a passenger car or a pickup truck, a majority of the
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