Effects of restrained degradation on gene expression and regulation

Abstract

The effects of carrying capacity of environment [Formula: see text] for degradation (the [Formula: see text] effect for short) on the constitutive gene expression and a simple genetic regulation system are investigated by employing a stochastic Langevin equation combined with the corresponding Fokker–Planck equation for the two stochastic systems subjected to internal and external noises. This [Formula: see text] effect characterizes the limited degradation ability of the environment for RNA or proteins, such as insufficient catabolic enzymes. The [Formula: see text] effect could significantly change the distribution of mRNA copy-number in constitutive gene expression, and interestingly, it leads to the Fano factor slightly larger than one if only the internal noise exists. Therefore, that the recent experimental measurements suggest the Fano factor deviates from one slightly [D. L. Jones, R. C. Brewster and R. Phillips, Science 346 (2014) 1533], probably originates from the [Formula: see text] effect. The [Formula: see text] effects on the steady and transient properties of genetic regulation system, have been investigated in detail. It could enhance the mean first passage time significantly especially when the noises are weak and reduce the signal-to-noise ratio in stochastic resonance substantially.