Effects of Purified Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1→3)-β-Glucan on Venous Ulcer Healing

Sarah Dantas Viana Medeiros,Elizabeth Maia Oliveira,Hugo Alexandre Oliveira Rocha,Aleida Maria Da Silva Lima,Eduardo Dantas Baptista Faria,Valéria Soraya Farias Sales,Sara Lima Cordeiro,Jéssica Escorel Chaves Cavalcanti,Keyla Borges Ferreira Rocha,Guilherme Lanzi Sassaki,Karina Mendes Melchuna,Aldo Cunha Medeiros,Irami Araújo Filho

doi:10.3390/ijms13078142

Abstract

Water-insoluble glucan was isolated from the baker’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The yeast cells were treated with alkali and the residue then with acid. Chemical and NMR (1D and 2D) analyses showed that a linear (1→3)-β-glucan was purified that was not contaminated with other carbohydrates, proteins or phenolic compounds. The effects of the glucan on wound healing were assessed in human venous ulcers by histopathological analysis after 30 days of topical treatment. (1→3)-β-glucan enhanced ulcer healing and increased epithelial hyperplasia, as well as increased inflammatory cells, angiogenesis and fibroblast proliferation. In one patient who had an ulcer that would not heal for over 15 years, glucan treatment caused a 67.8% decrease in the area of the ulcer. This is the first study to investigate the effects of (1→3)-β-glucan on venous ulcer healing in humans; our findings suggest that this glucan is a potential natural biological response modifier in wound healing.

Highlights

Wound healing is an extremely complex biological process that is regulated by molecular and cellular events to promote tissue repair
Proteins and phenolic compounds were not detected in the sample, which indicates that we successfully purified a homoglucan from S. cerevisiae
Confirmation of free carbon 6 (C6) at ∂ 60.91 ppm was established by the inverted CH2 signal in DEPT-135 13C Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) (Figure 1B)

Summary

Introduction

Wound healing is an extremely complex biological process that is regulated by molecular and cellular events to promote tissue repair. During the early stage, recruited neutrophils phagocytose and degrade the devitalized tissue and release pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) These cytokines are essential for the activation of keratinocytes, fibroblasts and additional cells [2,3]. Macrophages release growth factors, including platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, TGF-α, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). These factors stimulate angiogenesis, stimulate extracellular matrix synthesis by local fibroblasts and promote granulation tissue formation and reepithelialization [4,5,6]

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