Effects of purified anthocyanin supplementation on platelet chemokines in hypocholesterolemic individuals: a randomized controlled trial.

Xiandan Zhang,Wenhua Ling,Dan Li,Fenglin Song,Yanling Yao,Yan Yang,Yanna Zhu,Fuli Ya

doi:10.1186/s12986-016-0146-2

Xiandan Zhang, Wenhua Ling + Show 6 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12986-016-0146-2

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Abstract

BackgroundIt is becoming increasingly evident that platelet chemokines are involved in distinct aspects of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of long-term supplementation with purified anthocyanins on platelet chemokines in hypercholesterolemic individuals and to identify correlations of decreased platelet chemokine levels with serum lipid and inflammatory marker levels.MethodsA total of 146 hypercholesterolemic individuals were recruited and treated with 320 mg of purified anthocyanins (n = 73) or a placebo (n = 73) daily for 24 weeks in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.ResultsAnthocyanin supplementation for 24 weeks significantly decreased the plasma CXCL7 (–12.32% vs. 4.22%, P = 0.001), CXCL5 (–9.95% vs. 1.93%, P = 0.011), CXCL8 (–6.07% vs. 0.66%, P = 0.004), CXCL12 (–8.11% vs. 5.43%, P = 0.023) and CCL2 levels (–11.63% vs. 12.84%, P = 0.001) compared with the placebo. Interestingly, the decreases in the CXCL7 and CCL2 levels were both positively correlated with the decreases in the serum low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels after anthocyanin supplementation for 24 weeks. The decrease in the CXCL8 level was negatively correlated with the increase in the how-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) level and was positively correlated with the decrease in the soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin) level in the anthocyanin group. In addition, a positive correlation was observed between the decreases in the CXCL12 and tumornecrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels after anthocyanin supplementation. However, the plasma CXCL4L1, CXCL1, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and human plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) levels did not significantly change following anthocyanin supplementation.ConclusionsThe present study supports the notion that platelet chemokines are promising targets of anthocyanins in the prevention of atherosclerosis.Trial registration ChiCTR-TRC-08000240. Registered: 10 December 2008.

Highlights

It is becoming increasingly evident that platelet chemokines are involved in distinct aspects of atherosclerosis
Emerging evidence indicates that the plasma levels of some platelet chemokines, such as CXCL4, CCL5, CXCL5, CXCL1, CCL2 and CXCL8, are increased in hypercholesterolemia [16,17,18,19]
At week 24, anthocyanin supplementation resulted in significant decreases in the plasma CXCL7 [–12.32%, P = 0.001], CXCL5 [–9.95%, P = 0.011], CXCL8 [–6.07%, P = 0.004], CXCL12 [–8.11%, P = 0.023] and CCL2 concentrations [–11.63%, P = 0.001] compared with the placebo

Summary

Introduction

It is becoming increasingly evident that platelet chemokines are involved in distinct aspects of atherosclerosis. Numerous studies have demonstrated that platelet chemokines play an important role in the pathogenesis of hypercholesterolemia-induced atherosclerotic disease [5,6,7]. These chemokines contribute to the recruitment of circulating leukocytes and progenitor cells to the site of injured endothelium, forming a surface on which platelets are further activated to enhance inflammation [8, 9]. Reduction of platelet chemokine levels has already been suggested as a feasible approach for preventing and treating atherosclerosis [20]

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