Abstract
Aim and objectiveSystemic inflammation has been documented in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However studies on childhood OSA and systemic inflammation are limited. This study aimed to determine the relation between OSA in overweight/obese children and various inflammatory markers.Material and methodsIn this cross sectional study, we enrolled 247 overweight/ obese children from pediatric outpatient services. We evaluated demographic and clinical details, anthropometric parameters, body composition and estimation of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL) 6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, IL-18, IL-23, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), high sensitive C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and leptin levels. Overnight polysomnography was performed.FindingsA total of 247 children (190 with OSA and 57 without OSA) were enrolled. OSA was documented on polysomnography in 40% of patients. We observed significantly high values body mass index, waist circumference (WC), % body fat, fasting blood glucose (FBG), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphate, fasting insulin and HOMA-IR in children with OSA. Inflammatory markers IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, IL-18, MIF, Hs CRP, TNF- α, PAI-1, and leptin levels were significantly higher in OSA patients (p<0.05). There was strong positive correlation of IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, IL-23, MIF, Hs CRP, TNF-A, PAI-1 and leptin with BMI, % body fat, AHI, fasting Insulin, triglyceride, FBG, WC, HOMA-IR, AST and ALT.ConclusionChildren with OSA have increased obesity, insulin resistance and systemic inflammation. Further studies are require to confirm our findings and evaluate their utility in diagnosis of OSAs, assessing severity and possible interventions.
Highlights
Childhood obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by episodic upper airway obstruction that occurs during sleep
We evaluated demographic and clinical details, anthropometric parameters, body composition and estimation of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL) 6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, IL-18, IL-23, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), high sensitive C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and leptin levels
Double chin was significantly increased in OSA children (p = 0.008)
Summary
Childhood obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by episodic upper airway obstruction that occurs during sleep. OSA has been estimated to affect 2–6% of all children [2, 3] and up to 59% of obese children [4]. Childhood obesity is a significant risk factor for childhood OSA [1]. In overweight/obese children, the risk of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is high at 36%, and may be increased 60% if habitual snoring is present. Kalra et al [5] reported that 55% of morbid obese children undergoing bariatric surgery had evidence of OSAS. It has been indicated that fat distributions in children and adults have shown visceral adiposity to be strongly associated with OSA. Body fat distribution may explain the relationship between obesity and OSA in children. Other independent genetic and hormonal factors may predispose obese children to develop OSA
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
