Abstract
Effects of protease-resistant antimicrobial substances (PRA) produced by Lactobacillus plantarum and Leuconostoc citreum on rumen methanogenesis were examined using the in vitro continuous methane quantification system. Four different strains of lactic acid bacteria, i) Lactococcus lactis ATCC19435 (Control, non-antibacterial substances), ii) Lactococcus lactis NCIMB702054 (Nisin-Z), iii) Lactobacillus plantarum TUA1490L (PRA-1), and iv) Leuconostoc citreum JCM9698 (PRA-2) were individually cultured in GYEKP medium. An 80 ml aliquot of each supernatant was inoculated into phosphate-buffered rumen fluid. PPA-1 remarkably decreased cumulative methane production, though propionate, butyrate and ammonia N decreased. For PRA-2, there were no effects on CH 4 and CO 2 production and fermentation characteristics in mixed rumen cultures. The results suggested that PRA-1 reduced the number of methanogens or inhibited utilization of hydrogen in rumen fermentation.
Highlights
Methane emitted from ruminants is one of the major greenhouse gases attributed to animal agriculture and represents an energy loss for the host animal of 2 to 12% of dietary energy (Johnson and Johnson, 1995)
To mitigate rumen methanogenesis in safety, this study was conducted to determine the effects of protease-resistant antimicrobial substances produced by lactic acid bacteria on rumen methanogenesis in vitro
The greenhouse effect attributed to ruminant eructation was suggested to be mitigated by 96% by protease resistant antimicrobial substance (PRA)-1, whereas nisin-Z and PRA-2 from different sources of Lactococcus lactis had no significant effect on methane production
Summary
Methane emitted from ruminants is one of the major greenhouse gases attributed to animal agriculture and represents an energy loss for the host animal of 2 to 12% of dietary energy (Johnson and Johnson, 1995). Bacteriocins, bacterial proteinaceous products, are ubiquitous in nature being produced by a variety of Gram-negative and Grampositive bacteria (Farkas-Himsley, 1980). Its antimicrobial activity is effective against numerous Gram-positive bacteria (DelvesBroughton et al, 1996). It has been reported that nisin suppress rumen methanogenesis (Callaway et al, 1997; Santoso et al, 2004). Several strains of lactic acid bacteria were isolated from fermented foods, which produce different types of protease resistant antimicrobial substance (PRA). Preliminary studies suggested that the PRA maintained their antimicrobial effects after incubation with proteases, while nisin lost its activity. The PRA was hypothesized to be a more sustained agent than nisin for the mitigation of rumen methane emission. The present study deals with mitigating effects of PRA produced by Lactobacillus plantarum and Leuconostoc citreum on rumen methanogenesis in comparison with nisin
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