Abstract
A composite filler was developed by pre-flocculation of hardwood bleached kraft pulp (HwBKP) fines and precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) with flocculants such as cationic polyacrylamide (C-PAM) and bentonite. Effects of addition ratios and type of fines during production of the composite fillers on the mechanical and the optical properties of handsheets were investigated. Increasing fines addition ratios improved strength properties of handsheets both in the composite fillers and in the conventional loading. The composite filler with softwood bleached kraft pulp (SwBKP) fines resulted in superior strength properties than that with HwBKP fines and with the mixture of HwBKP fines and SwBKP fines. The composite filler and the conventional loading showed similar levels of brightness and opacity at a given addition ratio of fines. In addition, distinct effects of type of fines on brightness and opacity of handsheets with the composite fillers were not found.
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