Abstract
A number of studies have utilized blood waste as a bioresource by enzymatic hydrolysis to obtain amino acids, such as branched-chain amino acids, which can increase muscle mass or prevent muscle loss during weight loss. Although a significantly high content of branched-chain amino acids has been reported in porcine whole-blood protein hydrolysate (PWBPH), the effects of PWBPH on skeletal muscle differentiation and exercise function remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of PWBPH on exercise endurance in ICR mice and muscle differentiation in C2C12 mouse myoblasts and gastrocnemius (Gas) muscle of mice. Supplementation with PWBPH (250 and 500 mg/kg for 5 weeks) increased the time to exhaustion on a treadmill. PWBPH also increased the Gas muscle weight to body weight ratio. In addition, PWBPH treatment increased skeletal muscle differentiation proteins and promoted the Akt/mTOR-dependent signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. These results suggest that PWBPH can be utilized as a bioresource to enhance exercise function and skeletal muscle differentiation.
Highlights
When slaughtering livestock, blood is treated as waste
We examined the effects of porcine whole-blood protein hydrolysate (PWBPH) on exercise function in ICR mice and skeletal muscle differentiation in C2C12 mouse myoblasts and gastrocnemius (Gas) muscle of mice
The muscle differentiation markers myoblast determination protein (MyoD) and myogenin showed higher expression after 250 than 500 mg/kg PWBPH treatment (Supplementary Figure S1). These results suggest that PWBPH supplementation increases muscle mass and exercise performance and that 250 mg/kg is the optimal dose in mice
Summary
Blood is treated as waste. the 2.5–3.0 L of blood per pig, amounting to approximately 39,216 tons per year, has a major impact on water pollution [1,2]. Blood, which accounts for approximately 7% of the total weight of pigs, generally contains 75–80% moisture and 15–17% high-quality protein; the protein is composed of albumin, globulin, and hemoglobin [3,4]. This blood has the potential to become a valuable bioresource, it is disposed of due to a lack of research on possible industrial uses and a general aversion to blood. The 3 proteinogenic BCAAs Val, Ile, and Leu are included among the 9 essential amino acids (EAAs), accounting for 21% of the total protein content and 35% of the EAAs in muscle [5,6]. The BCAA Leu plays important roles in the regulation of muscle protein synthesis [7,8,9]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary 
Published Version (
Free)
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call