Abstract
Abstract This study compared the membrane fouling of polytitanium chloride (PTC) and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) in coagulation–ultrafiltration (C–UF) process in real water treatment. According to pre-coagulation experiment, the chosen dosage for PTC and PAC was 18 mg/L as Ti and 8 mg/L as Al, respectively. Floc properties also comparatively studied to further analyze the membrane fouling. PTC formed larger and stronger flocs with higher dimension fractal dimension (Df) value compared with those formed by PAC. Moreover, PTC C–UF achieved less serious decline of permeate flux during the filtration process. The external membrane resistance of PTC C–UF process was lower than that of PAC C–UF process, while the cake layer of PTC seemed to be more strongly attached on the membrane. For the total internal membrane resistance, PAC achieved lower degree compared with PTC. However, the irreversible membrane resistance of PAC was more serious than that of PTC. Thus, PTC was an effective coagulant for C–UF process.
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