Transport and deposition of nanoparticles in porous media at the pore scale using an Eulerian-Lagrangian method

Abstract

BackgroundNanoparticle deposition in a subsurface environment decreases the amount of material in the bulk fluid, increases surface roughness, and affects nanofluid flow. Nanoparticle transport in porous media is a complex, multiscale phenomenon. Its macroscopic behavior is determined by phenomena at the pore-scale. Hence, it is necessary and of interest to study the transport and deposition of nanoparticles in porous media using a pore-scale approach. MethodsA computational solver is developed using an Eulerian-Lagrangian approach within the OpenFOAM library. A Berea sandstone and three open-cell metal foams with porosities of 0.8, 0.85, and 0.9, constructed by Laguerre-Voronoi tessellation, were analyzed to study nanoparticle behavior in water. Significant findingsNanoparticle deposition on solid surfaces is influenced by porosity, double layer thickness (NDL), surface potential magnitude (NE1), and nanoparticle diameter. Brownian motion that has a significant impact on nanoparticle transport and deposition is also examined. For nanoparticles with 20 nm diameter, the fraction of particles deposited in foam with 0.8 porosity is about 17 % more than the foam with 0.9 porosity. This difference decreases with nanoparticle diameter. For the particles with 100 nm diameter and more, the effects of Brownian motion on nanoparticle deposition becomes negligible.