Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of four different fungal polysaccharides, named water-extracted mycelia polysaccharide (WPS), sodium hydroxide-extracted mycelia polysaccharide (SPS), hydrochloric-extracted mycelia polysaccharide (APS), and exo-polysaccharide (EPS) obtained from the endophytic Fusarium oxysporum Fat9 on the sprout growth, flavonoid accumulation, and antioxidant capacity of tartary buckwheat. Without visible changes in the appearance of the sprouts, the exogenous polysaccharide elicitors strongly stimulated sprout growth and flavonoid production, and the stimulation effect was closely related with the polysaccharide (PS) species and its treatment dosage. With application of 200 mg/L of EPS, 200 mg/L of APS, 150 mg/L of WPS, or 100 mg/L of SPS, the total rutin and quercetin yields of buckwheat sprouts were significantly increased to 41.70 mg/(100 sprouts), 41.52 mg/(100 sprouts), 35.88 mg/(100 sprouts), and 32.95 mg/(100 sprouts), respectively. This was about 1.11 to 1.40-fold compared to the control culture of 31.40 mg/(100 sprouts). Moreover, the antioxidant capacity of tartary buckwheat sprouts was also enhanced after treatment with the four PS elicitors. Furthermore, the present study revealed the polysaccharide elicitation that caused the accumulation of functional flavonoid by stimulating the phenylpropanoid pathway. The application of beneficial fungal polysaccharide elicitors may be an effective approach to improve the nutritional and functional characteristics of tartary buckwheat sprouts.
Highlights
Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn, Polygonaceae), a pronounced medicinal and edible crop, has been widely planted around the world for food and drink [1,2]
The effects of four endophytic fungal polysaccharide elicitors (WPS, sodium hydroxide-extracted mycelia polysaccharide (SPS), acid-extracted mycelial polysaccharide (APS) and EPS) on seed germination and sprout growth of tartary buckwheat are listed in Table 1, and are closely related with the PS species and elicitation dosage
This study demonstrated the beneficial effects of polysaccharide (PS) elicitors obtained from endophytic Fusarium oxysporum Fat9 on the growth, flavonoid accumulation and antioxidant property of tartary buckwheat sprouts
Summary
Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn, Polygonaceae), a pronounced medicinal and edible crop, has been widely planted around the world for food and drink [1,2]. It is rich in protein, amino acids, dietary fiber, vitamins, trace elements, as well as various beneficial phytochemicals. More and more novel buckwheat products are introduced every year such as bread, cake, noodles, Molecules 2016, 21, 1590; doi:10.3390/molecules21121590 www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules such as bread, cake, noodles, sauce, sprouts, tea, vinegar, and wine.
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