Abstract
We investigated the effects of natural plant hormones, indole-3-acetic (IAA) acid and gibberellic acid (GA), on the growth parameters and production of flavonoids and other phenolic compounds in common buckwheat sprouts. A total of 17 phenolic compounds were identified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. Among these, seven compounds (4-hydroxybenzoic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, epicatechin, rutin, and quercetin) were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after treating the common buckwheat sprouts with different concentrations of the hormones IAA and GA. At a concentration of 0.5 mg/L, both IAA and GA exhibited the highest levels of growth parameters (shoot length, root length, and fresh weight). The HPLC analysis showed that the treatment of sprouts with IAA at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 mg/L produced higher or comparable levels of the total phenolic compounds than the control sprout and enhanced the production of rutin. Similarly, the supplementation with 0.1 and 0.5 mg/L GA increased the content of rutin in buckwheat sprouts. Our results suggested that the treatment with optimal concentrations of IAA and GA enhanced the growth parameters and accumulation of flavonoids and other phenolic compounds in buckwheat sprouts.
Highlights
Fagopyrum esculentum Moench, called common buckwheat, is mainly cultivated and consumed in China, Japan, and South Korea [1]
The supply of exogenous IAA and gibberellic acid (GA) gradually increased the shoot height, root length, and fresh weight of buckwheat sprouts at the concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/L, but the growth patterns were significantly decreased at the concentrations of 3.0 and 5.0 mg/L
This study reported that the effect of IAA and GA on the growth and accumulation of phenolic compounds, including rutin and catechin, in common buckwheat sprouts, indicating that the treatment of the natural plant hormones at certain concentrations enhanced the growth and the accumulation of the natural products in the buckwheat sprouts
Summary
Fagopyrum esculentum Moench, called common buckwheat, is mainly cultivated and consumed in China, Japan, and South Korea [1]. Common buckwheat is considered an important pseudocereal owing to its medicinal and agricultural values. It has various allelopathic [2] and medicinal (i.e., anti-hypertensive [3], anti-allergic [4], antibacterial [5], antioxidant [6], and cytotoxic [7]). Flavonoids are a large group of benzo-γ-pyrone derivatives synthesized in the phenylpropanoid pathway, and are distributed ubiquitously in plant species [8]. They are mainly involved in plant development, growth, pigment generation, and protection against pathogen attack and high light
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