Abstract
Purpose: To examine the hypothesis that intervention with the polyphenolic complex (PE) from pine bark improves the symptoms of ADHD and reduces oxidative stress in children and adolescent. Methods: It was a randomized, double-blind, crossover and placebo-controlled 10-weeks period study, including two interventional periods (4weeks/period) and one washout period (2 weeks). Data were from 8 participants with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) at ages 7~16 years (seven boys and one girl). During the first interventional period, participants were received a capsule of PE from pine bark, which contain 25mg Oligopin® per capsule, or a capsule of placebo, which contains 25mg cellulose. Then, participants entered the washout period for 2 weeks. After 2 weeks of washout, the participants entered the second interventional period and crossed over to receive an Oligopin® or placebo capsule. Neuropsychological assessment, routine blood biochemical parameter and antioxidative status were carried out in this study. Results: All blood biochemical parameters were normal in the interventional periods. However, the lipid peroxidation was significantly decreased when participants received the PE capsules. Moreover, the participants had a significant higher hit accuracy, inhibition, sustainability in CPT-II performanceduring the PE interventional period. Conclusions: The administration of the polyphenolic extract from pine bark (25 mg/day) for one month might improve the inattention and impulsivity and reduce plasma lipid peroxidation levels in children and adolescent with ADHD.
Highlights
Attention deficit hypertension disorder (ADHD) is one of the common neurodevelopment psychiatric disorders in children and adolescent, even in adults who are characterized by inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity [1]
It is assumed that oxidative stress caused by the abnormal metabolism of adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine may play an important role in pathology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
This study demonstrated that polyphenolic extract from pine bark extract may have the potential to ameliorate the symptoms of ADHD in children
Summary
Attention deficit hypertension disorder (ADHD) is one of the common neurodevelopment psychiatric disorders in children and adolescent, even in adults who are characterized by inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity [1]. In Taiwan, an early community study in 1993 reported that the prevalence rates of ADHD was 19.8% for boys and 12.3% for girls among elementary students with a boy and girl ratio of 3:1[2]. Comprehensive(nutritional) researches of ADHD in Taiwan is still rare. The real causes of ADHD are unknown, but it is thought to be biological and multifactorial, including genetic factors, the damage in catecholamine metabolism, lead toxicity, food sensitivities, or nutritional problems etc [3]. It is assumed that oxidative stress caused by the abnormal metabolism of adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine may play an important role in pathology of ADHD. Antioxidant supplements have been reported to replace the classical treatment of ADHD by psychostimulants and antidepressants because of the side effects of these psychomedicaments [4]
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