Abstract
This study shows that membrane-associated cytoskeletal protein structures and the erythrocyte morphology undergo profound changes during hypoxia. Hypoxia also intensified oxidative processes in the lipid phase of the bilayer of red blood cell membranes. Sodium nitroprusside impaired the morphology of red blood cells and altered quantitative and qualitative composition of membrane-skeletal proteins. The findings suggest that hypoxia causes changes at all levels of red blood cell organization, which can cause the functional disorders of hemoglobin oxygen-transporting properties and, eventually, the complete degradation of red blood cells. The use of flavonoids has a protective effect against hypoxia.
Highlights
Cardiovascular disease remains one of the most pressing problems in modern medicine. e primary cause is disruption of the structure and function of blood vessel endothelium
Considering the above arguments, we considered it challenging to study the interrelation between changes in the structure and composition of membrane-skeletal proteins of red blood cells and the rate of oxidative processes in the lipid bilayer of erythrocyte membranes under hypoxia, in the absence and presence of nitric oxide donors and compounds of polyphenolic nature. at was the main goal of our research
As the amount of O2 in the blood is 3-4 orders higher than the content of other ligands (e.g., NO or CO), the intensity of the 1375 cm− 1 band is determined mainly by the content of oxyhemoglobin. We found that both 30-min and 60-min oxygen depletion by the method described above resulted in the complete disappearance of oxyhemoglobin, which was proved by the absence of the 1375 cm− 1 band in the Raman spectrum (Figure 1). is is proved by the increased peak at 1355 cm− 1 after 60-min incubation of red blood cells in hypoxic conditions. ese facts confirm that the erythrocytes incubated in an oxygen-free environment were in a state of hypoxia [38]
Summary
Cardiovascular disease remains one of the most pressing problems in modern medicine. e primary cause is disruption of the structure and function of blood vessel endothelium. Vascular diseases are accompanied by pathological changes in the erythrocytes that disturb the morpho-functional state of erythrocyte membranes and the cell flexibility [3] It is the spectrin-based cytoskeleton on the cytosolic side of the human red blood cell membrane that confers the mechanical property enabling erythrocytes to withstand the stress on the cell membrane as they are forced through a narrow blood vessel [4,5,6]. Considering the above arguments, we considered it challenging to study the interrelation between changes in the structure and composition of membrane-skeletal proteins of red blood cells and the rate of oxidative processes in the lipid bilayer of erythrocyte membranes under hypoxia, in the absence and presence of nitric oxide donors and compounds of polyphenolic nature. Considering the above arguments, we considered it challenging to study the interrelation between changes in the structure and composition of membrane-skeletal proteins of red blood cells and the rate of oxidative processes in the lipid bilayer of erythrocyte membranes under hypoxia, in the absence and presence of nitric oxide donors and compounds of polyphenolic nature. at was the main goal of our research
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