Abstract

猪粪沼液含有大量的养分, 如氮、磷、钾、氨基酸、腐植酸等, 但如果不及时施用, 也会带来水体富营养化问题。沼液替代化肥是目前最有效的利用方式。采用田间试验方法, 在春、夏两季玉米上, 研究了猪粪沼液不同用量与不同运筹对土壤氨挥发损失以及玉米产量、品质等的影响。结果表明, 夏玉米基施猪粪沼液氨挥发量大于春玉米, 沼液的氨挥发量明显大于化肥, 且沼液施用量越大, 氨挥发量越大; 由氨挥发导致的氮素损失量占施肥量的0.17%~2.16%, 平均为0.88%。在春玉米中, 单独施用化肥以及化肥与沼液各50%配施处理的产量分别为901.55 kg·667m<sup>-2</sup>和892.71 kg·667m<sup>-2</sup>, 显著高于其他处理; 纯化肥处理可溶性糖为103.69 g·kg<sup>-1</sup>, 显著低于其他处理; 纯化肥处理皮渣率为9.87%, 显著高于其他处理; 其他品质指标各处理间无显著差异。在夏玉米中, 总体产量不如春玉米, 纯化肥处理产量为523.47 kg, 显著高于其他处理, 化肥与沼液各50%配施处理的产量仅次于纯化肥处理, 为513.41 kg。纯化肥处理的玉米品质总体上高于纯沼液处理, 但沼液和化肥各50%处理玉米品质与纯化肥处理无明显差异。可见, 对玉米植物而言, 以50%沼液替代化学肥料, 在技术上可行, 可以获得与化肥处理相同的玉米产量与品质。

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