Abstract
Earlier chapters and earlier research have indicated that large post-WWII housing estates can suffer from serious social and economic problems, such as the concentration of poverty and high crime-rates, and physical problems such as the lack of maintenance and deterioration (see, e.g., Dekker and Van Kempen, 2004). These problems can be related to the low level of social cohesion, which is reflected in a higher proportion of conflicts, crime rates and vandalism, and problems related to the maintenance of public space. These are common problems in some large housing estates all over Europe (see Cernic Mali et al., 2005; Van Beckhoven and Van Kempen, 2005; Belmessous et al., 2005; Knorr-Siedow and Droste, 2005).
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