Effects of physical and chemical factors on pseudorabies virus activity in vitro

Lang Gong,Runda Xu,Guihong Zhang,Qiwei Deng,Heng Wang,Chihai Ji

doi:10.1186/s12917-020-02573-3

Lang Gong, Runda Xu + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-020-02573-3

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Abstract

BackgroundPseudorabies (PR) is latent and can persist in infected sows for a long time, and thus, convalescent sows can carry the virus throughout life, causing severe economic losses to farmers and posing a tremendous challenge to PR prevention and control. Here, to investigate the biological characteristics of pseudorabies virus (PRV), a variety of physical and chemical factors were analyzed under controlled conditions.ResultsThe results showed that a high ambient temperature and dry environment led to faster virus inactivation. PRV had a certain resistance to weakly acidic or alkaline environments and was rapidly inactivated in strongly acidic or alkaline environments. The effect of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on PRV activity primarily depended on the frequency, intensity, and irradiation time of the UV exposure. Exposure to sunlight inactivated PRV via multiple factors, including temperature, sunlight intensity, UV intensity, and environmental humidity, and any shielding from sunlight strongly lowered the killing effect. Conventional disinfectants had a good disinfection effect on PRV.ConclusionsThe biological characteristics of different PRV strains are variable. Generally, the activity of PRV is affected by multiple factors, which can show both synergy and antagonism. Real-world conditions should be taken into consideration to guide pork production.

Highlights

Pseudorabies (PR) is latent and can persist in infected sows for a long time, and convalescent sows can carry the virus throughout life, causing severe economic losses to farmers and posing a tremendous challenge to PR prevention and control
When pseudorabies virus (PRV) was in the temperature range of 48–55 °C, the virus titer decreased as temperature rose, accompanied by a significant decrease in infectivity
When the temperature reached above 70 °C, PRV was inactivated within a few seconds

Summary

Introduction

Pseudorabies (PR) is latent and can persist in infected sows for a long time, and convalescent sows can carry the virus throughout life, causing severe economic losses to farmers and posing a tremendous challenge to PR prevention and control. The main susceptible animals are swine, cows, sheep, rabbits, mice, cats, and other mammals, while pigeons and chickens can resist PRV infection [1,2,3,4]. The amino acid positions in certain important glycoproteins, namely, gB, gC, gD and gE, may be related to the adaptability of PRV to new PRV can infect all mammals except higher primates but can only effectively replicate in swine. Swine are defined as the natural host of PRV.

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