Abstract
Livestock is a fundamental part of the agriculture industry in Pakistan and contributes more than 11.53% to GDP. Among livestock species, the buffaloes are regarded as the black gold of Pakistan. Being the highest milk producers globally, Nili-Ravi buffaloes are the most famous ones. Buffaloes are affected by many endemic diseases, and "Hemorrhagic septicemia" (HS) is one of them. This study was designed to ascertain the effects of experimental exposure ofP. multocida B:2 (oral) and its immunogens, i.e., LPS (oral and intravenous) and OMP (oral and subcutaneous) on reproductive hormonal profiles in Nili-Ravi buffaloes. Repeated serum samples were collected from the jugular vein of experimental animals for 21 days (0, 02, 04, 08, 12, 16, 20, 24, 36, 48, 72, 120, 168, 216, 264, 360, 456 and 504 hours). Hormonal assays to determine the serum concentrations of Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH), Estrogen (E2) and progesterone (P4) were performed using (MyBioSource) commercial Elisa kits. The hormonal profile of all treatment groups of the buffalo heifers exhibited significant (P<0.05) variations as compared to the control group (G-1). These results indicate suppression in Nili-Ravi buffaloes' reproductive hormonal profile on exposure to P. multocida B:2 and its immunogens. This influence warrants that exposure to H.S may be a possible reason for delayed puberty and poor reproduction performance in Nili-Ravi buffaloes.
Highlights
Pakistan is an agricultural economy, and a large proportion of its population is directly or indirectly involved in the agriculture industry
After exposure to Pasturella multocida type B2 and its immunogens, the mean value of circulating Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) / Luteinizing hormone (LH) dropped significantly (P
G-6 animals showed a similar trend, but their results could not be calculated beyond three days
Summary
Pakistan is an agricultural economy, and a large proportion of its population is directly or indirectly involved in the agriculture industry. Livestock is a fundamental part of the agriculture industry (Shahid et al, 2020). Livestock contributes more than 11.53% to GDP and contributes 60.07% to the agriculture sector (Pakistan, 2020). The buffaloes are regarded as the black gold of Pakistan (Sikandar et al, 2020). There are four major buffalo breeds in Pakistan, and among 7sure source of income for poor livestock farmers of Pakistan. This animal has excellent potential to produce high nutritional value having milk and beef from low nutritive value having roughages (Bibi et al, 2018). Delayed puberty, prolonged calving interval, poor estrus expression and strong mother-offspring bonding (Budiarto et al, 2021) are significant concerns about buffalo reproduction
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