Abstract
Background: Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease lacking disease-modifying therapeutic agents. This study aimed to compare the effects of palm tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF), glucosamine sulphate, and both agents combined in rats with osteoarthritis induced by monosodium iodoacetate (MIA). Methods: Thirty adult male rats were randomized into normal control, and osteoarthritis groups were treated orally daily with vehicle, palm TRF (100 mg/kg), glucosamine sulphate (250 mg/kg), and both agents combined for 4 weeks. Body weight and grip strength were measured weekly. After being sacrificed, the joints and blood were harvested for histology and serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) levels. Results: The body weight of the rats receiving treatment rebounded significantly after an initial reduction (vs osteoarthritic control, p < 0.05). The rats receiving combined treatments showed significantly better grip strength than the osteoarthritic control and individual treatment groups (p < 0.05). The serum COMP level was lower in all the treated groups (vs osteoarthritic control, p < 0.05). Cartilage histology of the treated rats was not significantly improved (vs osteoarthritic control, p > 0.05). Conclusion: The combination of palm TRF and glucosamine sulphate was more effective than individual agents in improving the grip strength of the rats, but the cartilage damage might need more time to heal.
Highlights
Osteoarthritis is a local inflammatory joint disease marked by cartilage degeneration, synovitis and altered subchondral bone remodelling
The current study compared the anti‐osteoarthritic effects of palm tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF), glucosamine sulphate, and both agents in combination in a rat model of osteoarthritis induced by monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)
It revealed that all treatment regimens halted the cartilage deterioration process in the rat joints induced with MIA, as illustrated via the serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) level
Summary
Osteoarthritis is a local inflammatory joint disease marked by cartilage degeneration, synovitis and altered subchondral bone remodelling. 15th major contributor of years lived with disability globally in 2019 [5] If it is not managed appropriately, patients with late-stage osteoarthritis will undergo costly and invasive total arthroplasty associated with possible side effects, such as infection and bleeding [6]. Methods: Thirty adult male rats were randomized into normal control, and osteoarthritis groups were treated orally daily with vehicle, palm TRF (100 mg/kg), glucosamine sulphate (250 mg/kg), and both agents combined for 4 weeks. The rats receiving combined treatments showed significantly better grip strength than the osteoarthritic control and individual treatment groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The combination of palm TRF and glucosamine sulphate was more effective than individual agents in improving the grip strength of the rats, but the cartilage damage might need more time to heal
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