Abstract
Simple SummaryThe addition of carbohydrases was an effective strategy to improve the nutrient availability in diets of pigs. This experiment investigated the effects of two optimal carbohydrase mixtures (OCMs) on nutrient digestibility and digestible energy in growing pigs fed corn-based and wheat-based diets. These OCMs were screened based on the corn-based diet and wheat-based diet, respectively, using an in vitro method developed by our research group in previous studies. The results show that the respective OCM improved the total tract digestibility of most macronutrient and digestible energy for pigs fed both corn-based diet and wheat-based diet. These findings are useful for the rational utilization of carbohydrases in the swine industry.This study aimed to evaluate the effects of optimal carbohydrase mixture (OCM) on macronutrients and amino acid digestibility and the digestible energy (DE) in growing pigs fed the corn-soybean meal-based diet (CSM) and the wheat-soybean meal-based diet (WSM). A total of 36 ileal-cannulated pigs (50.9 ± 4.9 kg initial body weight) were allotted to four dietary treatments randomly, which included CSM and WSM diets, and two diets supplied with corresponding OCM. These OCMs were screened using an in vitro method from our previous study. After the five day adaptation period, fecal samples were collected from d six to seven, and ileal digesta samples were collected on d 8 and 10. Chromic oxide was added as an indigestible marker. The results show that the addition of OCM improved the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of dry matter (DM), ash, carbohydrate (CHO), neutral detergent fiber, and gross energy (GE) and the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of DM, CHO, and GE in CSM diet (p < 0.05), but reduced the apparent hindgut disappearance (AHD) of DM in CSM diet (p < 0.05). The ATTD of DM, crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), ash, and GE and the AHD of DM, CP, EE, ash, CHO, and GE in WSM diet were improved by the OCM addition (p < 0.05), whereas the AID of DM, CP, ash, CHO, and GE were decreased (p < 0.05). The respective DE contents in CSM and WSM diets were increased from 15.45 to 15.74 MJ/kg and 15.03 to 15.49 MJ/kg under the effects of OCM (p < 0.05). Similar to the trend of AID of CP, the OCM addition increased the AID and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of Ile, Thr, and Cys in CSM diet, but decreased the AID and SID of Ile, Phe, Thr, Val, Ala, Pro, Ser, and Tyr in WSM diet. In conclusion, the OCMs screened by an in vitro method could improve the total tract nutrient digestibility and DE for pigs fed corn-based diet or wheat-based diet but had inconsistent effects on the ileal digestibility of nutrients and energy.
Highlights
Wheat is widely available together with corn, and the wheat-based diet and corn-based diet are two commonly used commercial swine feed types worldwide [1,2]
Compared with the in vivo method, which is regarded as time-consuming, expensive, and labor-intensive, the in vitro method could provide a simple and rapid technique to evaluate the efficiency of exogenous enzymes and screen the combination of the optimal enzymes [8]
The apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of dry matter (DM), ash, CHO, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and gross energy (GE) in the corn-soybean meal-based (CSM) diet was improved by the addition of optimal carbohydrase mixture (OCM) (p < 0.05)
Summary
Wheat is widely available together with corn, and the wheat-based diet and corn-based diet are two commonly used commercial swine feed types worldwide [1,2]. The addition of carbohydrases is regarded as an effective strategy to reduce the anti-nutritional effects of NSP and improve the performance of pigs [4]. To maximize this efficacy, multi-carbohydrase mixtures targeted at various NSP components of different feedstuffs were advised in many studies [5,6]. Two OCMs for corn-soybean meal-based (CSM) diet and wheat-soybean meal-based (WSM) diet were screened, respectively, using a new in vitro method developed by our research group [9,10]. Further in vivo study is still needed to determine if the OCM has similar positive effects on nutrient digestion in pigs
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