Abstract
The extensive application of nanomaterials in industry, medicine and consumer products has raised concerns about their potential toxicity. The female population is particularly vulnerable and deserves special attention because toxicity in this group may impact both female reproductivity and fetal development. Mouse and zebrafish models each have their own unique features and studies using these models to examine the potential toxicity of various nanoparticles are compared and summarized in this review. Several nanoparticles exhibit detrimental effects on female reproductivity as well as fetal development, and these adverse effects are related to nanoparticle composition, surface modification, dose, exposure route and animal species. Limited studies on the mechanisms of nanotoxicity are also documented and reviewed herein.
Highlights
Nanoparticles have unique thermal, mechanical, magnetic and optical properties that allow for their widespread application in biomedicine and many industrial sectors [1,2,3]
The toxicity of nanoparticles to female reproductive and developmental health has been studied in various models [17,18,19]
We focus on nanotoxicity studies that use mouse and zebrafish models
Summary
Nanoparticles have unique thermal, mechanical, magnetic and optical properties that allow for their widespread application in biomedicine and many industrial sectors [1,2,3]. Many environmental chemicals have already demonstrated detrimental effects on the female reproductive system and embryonic development [15,16]. The toxicity of nanoparticles to female reproductive and developmental health has been studied in various models [17,18,19]. We focus on nanotoxicity studies that use mouse and zebrafish models. Embryonic development in zebrafish can be studied in vitro, which allows for testing at all stages [20]. The zebrafish has become the model of choice for molecular mechanism studies in embryonic development and one of the most valued models in developmental biology. 2. Effects of Nanotoxicity on Female Reproductivity and Development in Murine Models. The availability of multiple species and knockout mice satisfies the needs of many specific studies
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