Abstract
Anti-piroplasm drugs currently on the market have proven toxicity to the host and parasite resistance. Plants are possible sources of novel drugs. Subsequently, a novel strategy should be used to find new anti-piroplasm agents that are both effective and safe. In the present study, we have evaluated the effect of turmeric (Curcuma longa) methanolic extract on the in vitro growth of Babesia (B.) bovis, B. divergens, B. caballi, and Theileria (T.) equi. The in vitro inhibitory effectiveness of turmeric was assessed using a fluorescence test. The enhancement in the in vitro inhibitory efficacy of turmeric when administrated in combination with diminazene aceturate (DA) was investigated using in vitro cultures of different piroplasm parasites. Turmeric reduced the in vitro growth of B. bovis, B. divergens, T. equi, and B. caballi with IC50 values of 0.830 ± 0.078, 0.375 ± 0.055, 1.405 ± 0.575, and 0.720 ± 0.090 mg/mL, respectively. An amount of 1 mg/mL turmeric for B. bovis, 0.5 mg/mL turmeric for B. divergens, 1 mg/mL turmeric for T. equi, and 0.5 mg/mL turmeric for B. caballi exhibited 73.43%, 80.065%, 73.47%, and 47.375% inhibitions in the growth of the parasites, respectively. When turmeric was combined with DA, its in vitro inhibitory impact on bovine Babesia and equine Babesia/Theileria parasites was amplified. These findings show that a methanolic extract of turmeric could be a promising medicinal plant for the treatment of babesiosis, especially when administered in conjunction with DA.
Highlights
Babesia and Theileria are tick-transmitted parasites, which result in considerable economic losses in the livestock industry and worldwide animal commerce
Newly developed anti-piroplasm drugs such as endocrine-like quinolones (ELQ)-300 and ELQ-316 [3], tulathromycin [4], fluoroquinolone [5], clofazimine [6], and Medicines for Malaria Venture compounds from the malaria box [1,7] are not available for use in the veterinary market [8]
According to the computed IC50 s, the best inhibitory efficacy of turmeric was determined against the development of B. divergens, B. caballi, B. bovis, and T. equi parasitemia in vitro (Table 1)
Summary
Babesia and Theileria are tick-transmitted parasites, which result in considerable economic losses in the livestock industry and worldwide animal commerce. The most prevalent causative agents of the infection in cattle are Babesia (B.) bovis, B. bigemina, and. Newly developed anti-piroplasm drugs such as endocrine-like quinolones (ELQ)-300 and ELQ-316 [3], tulathromycin [4], fluoroquinolone [5], clofazimine [6], and Medicines for Malaria Venture compounds from the malaria box [1,7] are not available for use in the veterinary market [8]. Anti-piroplasm drugs currently on the market have a proven toxic effect to the host associated with imidocarb dipropionate and parasite resistance associated with diminazene aceturate (DA) in the treated parasite [9]
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