Abstract
Xylanase is the enzyme that degrades xylan, causes decreasing in degree of polymerization, hence releasing oligomers such as xylobiose and xylose. Compared to the plants and animals, fungi are the most preferable microorganisms for this purpose due to their growth conditions and structural sturdiness. Xylanase is produced by several microorganisms such as Aspergillus, Penicillium, Trichoderma, Streptomyces and Bacillus spp. Nonetheless, Aspergillus is identified as the major producer of xylanase. Xylan is commonly used as a substrate for determining the xylanase activity. Due to the potential applications of xylanase in the industries and environment, it is essential to minimize the cost of production by optimising medium formulation and culture conditions of microorganisms in submerged fermentation. Its high demand worldwide, requires optimization of microbial xylanase production by specific carbon and nitrogen sources with optimum growth conditions, both are apparently managed to reduce production cost besides providing adequate amounts of nutrients for biomass and xylanase production, respectively. Xylanase has become valuable and attractive enzyme due to its vast applications in pulp and paper, food and beverage, detergent and textiles industry. All these aspects have been reviewed in this article.
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