Effects of medical waste incineration fly ash on the promotion of heavy metal chlorination volatilization from incineration residues

Abstract

High contents of heavy metals and Cl are major challenges for incineration residue disposal. Classification by the Chinese government and the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic have changed the characteristics of incineration residues, thereby increasing the difficulty of disposal. In this study, medical waste incineration fly ash (MWI FA) was proposed as an additive to promote chlorination volatilization of heavy metals from municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI FA) and medical waste incineration slag (MWI S). When the mixing ratio of MWI FA to MSWI FA was 1:3, the chlorination volatilization efficiencies of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd at 1000 °C for 60 min were 50.2%, 99.4%, 99.7%, and 97.9%, respectively. When MWI FA was mixed with MWI S at a ratio of 1:1, the chlorination volatilization efficiencies of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd at 1200 °C for 40 min were 88.9%, 99.7%, 97.3%, and 100%, respectively. Adding MWI FA can replenish Cl in MSWI FA and MWI S while increasing the surface area and forming pore structures by sublimation of NaCl and decomposition of CaSO4, or can reduce the melting point and viscosity by Na2O destroying the glass matrix. Therefore, MWI FA can be co-disposed with MSWI FA and MWI S respectively to enhance the chlorination volatilization of heavy metals.