Effects of Maternal Supplementary Oxygen on the Newborn for Elective Cesarean Deliveries Under Spinal Anesthesia

Abstract

The aim of this investigation was to determine whether supplementary oxygen provided by either nasal cannula or face mask versus room air might affect fetal oxygenation during elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia by assessing maternal and neonatal regional cerebral oxygenation (rSO2) with a cerebral oximeter. Ninety parturients were randomly allocated into three groups: two groups received 5 L/min oxygen by either nasal cannula (Group NC, n = 30) or face mask (Group FM, n = 30), respectively, and the third group was allowed to breathe room air (Group RA, n = 30). After maternal mean arterial pressure, heart rate and peripheral oxygen saturation had been monitored, rSO2 was determined by cerebral oximeter. Umbilical artery (UA) and venous (UV) blood samples were collected for blood gas analysis. Neonatal rSO2 and Apgar scores were recorded. The mean maternal rSO2 which was recorded 3 and 5 min after administration of the spinal block in Group FM was lower than that of Group NC (p = 0.033 and 0.042, respectively). Neonatal rSO2, UA pH, UV pH and UA base excess (BE) were lower in Group FM than in the other groups (p < 0.05). The Apgar score (1 min) in Group FM was lower than that of Group RA (p = 0.046). The effect of maternal supplementary oxygen on the newborn has been demonstrated by a cerebral oximeter monitor and supported by umbilical cord blood gas analysis and Apgar scores.