Abstract
As important aquaculture species worldwide, shrimps and crabs are thermophilic animals with a feeble thermoregulation ability. Changes in environmental factors are the main reason for the decrease in the immunity and disease resistance ability of cultured organisms. Water temperature is one of the most common abiotic stress factors for aquatic ectotherms. It influences nearly all biochemical and physiological processes in crustaceans, resulting in an imbalance in ion and water homeostasis, neuromuscular function loss, cellular dehydration, and altered metabolic pathways. The present review summarizes the current knowledge on the effects of low temperature on the physiological response, and the behavior, development, and growth of shrimp and crab. We suggest a deeper research to understand the physiological processes involved in thermoregulation; this knowledge could be used to reduce the adverse effects in the shrimps and crabs during the culture.
Highlights
As important aquaculture species worldwide, crustaceans such as shrimp and crab have very weak cold regulation abilities
Epidemiological surveys showed that shrimp and crab diseases mainly occurred in spring and summer, and the peak of the disease often occurred after drastic changes in environmental conditions
Changes in environmental factors are the main reason for the decline of biological immunity and disease resistance (Le Moullac and Haffner, 2000)
Summary
As important aquaculture species worldwide, crustaceans such as shrimp and crab have very weak cold regulation abilities. A significant increase in CHH levels in the haemolymph in response to cold stress have been reported in several crustaceans, including the L. vannamei (Lago-Lestón et al, 2007) and the freshwater crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus (Prymaczok et al, 2016).
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