Abstract
We aimed to identify the association between low skeletal muscle, sarcopenic obesity, and the incidence of albuminuria in the general population using a longitudinal study. Data from 29,942 subjects who underwent two or more routine health examinations from 2006 to 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. Relative skeletal muscle mass was presented using the skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), a measure of body weight-adjusted appendicular skeletal muscle mass estimated by bioelectrical impedance analysis. The cumulative incidence of albuminuria was 981 (3.3%) during the 7-year follow-up period. The hazard ratio of incident albuminuria was 1.44 (95% CI: 1.22–1.71, p for trend <0.001) in the lowest SMI tertile relative to the highest SMI tertile after multivariable adjustment. After additionally adjusting for general and central obesity, the hazard ratio was 1.35 (95% CI: 1.13–1.61, p for trend = 0.001) and 1.30 (95% CI: 1.08–1.56, p for trend = 0.003), respectively. Furthermore, the risk of developing albuminuria was much higher in the sarcopenic obesity group (HR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.21–1.81, p for trend <0.001) compared to the other groups. Sarcopenic obesity, as well as low skeletal muscle, may lead to albuminuria in general populations.
Highlights
We aimed to identify the association between low skeletal muscle, sarcopenic obesity, and the incidence of albuminuria in the general population using a longitudinal study
In this large study of 29,942 Korean adults, we found that subjects with a low skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) were associated with a 30% to 35% increased risk of developing albuminuria after adjusting for potential confounders, including obesity
The relationship between SMI and incident albuminuria significantly remained in various subgroups
Summary
We aimed to identify the association between low skeletal muscle, sarcopenic obesity, and the incidence of albuminuria in the general population using a longitudinal study. Sarcopenic obesity, as well as low skeletal muscle, may lead to albuminuria in general populations. Albuminuria is a risk marker for endothelial cell dysfunction, which leads to cardiovascular and kidney disease in patients with diabetes or hypertension and in the general population[6,7,8,9,10]. Several cross-sectional studies suggest that both sarcopenia and obesity are individually associated with the prevalence of albuminuria in subjects with diabetes and hypertension[13,14]. Both sarcopenia and obesity have consistently emerged as significant risk factors for albuminuria in cross-sectional settings[15,16,17,18,19]. Even though obesity may exaggerate functional decline with sarcopenia, the association between sarcopenic obesity and albuminuria has not been established
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