Effects of Losartan and Enalapril at Different Doses on Cardiac and Renal Interstitial Matrix in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Abstract

We have evaluated the effects of an ACE inhibitor, enalapril (ENA) and of an angiotensin II receptor blocker, losartan (LOS), administered either at hypotensive or non‐hypotensive dosage, on the cardiac and renal structure of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Forty‐eight rats were included in the study: eight SHR were treated with low‐dose (ld, 1 mg/kg/day) ENA; eight with low‐dose (ld, 0.5 mg/kg/day) LOS; eight with high‐dose (hd, 25 mg/kg/day) ENA; eight with high‐dose (hd, 15 mg/kg/day) LOS; while eight Wistar–Kyoto (WKY) and eight SHR were kept untreated (unt). Treatment was given from the 4th to the 12th week of age. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured non‐invasively every week. The left ventricular weight to body weight (RLVM) and the left + right kidney weight (RKW) to body weight was measured, and the cardiac and glomerular interstitial collagen content was evaluated using sirius red staining and image analysis. In addition, cardiac metalloproteinases activity (43 kDa MMP, MMP‐2, and MMP‐9) was evaluated by zymography. A significant reduction in RLVM was observed in SHR given ENA hd or LOS hd. Cardiac collagen was significantly reduced in SHR ENA hd and SHR LOS hd as well as in SHR LOS ld, but not in SHR ENA ld. The 43 kDa MMP collagenase activity was greater in WKY unt compared with SHR unt, being normalized only in SHR ENA hd. The gelatinase activity of MMP‐9 showed a trend similar to 43 kDa MMP, but differences between SHR and WKY unt were only of borderline statistical significance. No difference among groups was observed in MMP‐2 activity. No significant differences in RKW was observed between groups. However, the collagen content in the glomerular perivascular space was significantly reduced in all treated groups, including those given ld, compared with SHR unt. In conclusion, LOS and ENA showed a similar preventive effect on the increase of RLVM in SHR, but, at least in part, different effects on the extracellular matrix in different organs, being cardiac collagen less sensitive to low dose (ld) ACE inhibition.