Abstract
Power-line frequency electromagnetic field (PF-EMF) was reported as a human carcinogen by some epidemiological research, but the conclusion is lack of robust experiment evidence. To identify the effects of long-term PF-EMF exposure on cell behavior, Balb/c 3T3 cells in exponential growth phase were exposed or sham-exposed to 50 Hertz (Hz) PF-EMF at 2.3 mT for 2 hours (h) one day, 5 days every week. After 11 weeks exposure, cells were collected instantly. Cell morphology was observed under invert microscope and Giemsa staining, cell viability was detected by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, cell cycle and apoptosis was examined by flow cytometry, the protein level of Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) and CyclinD1 was detected by western blot, cell transformation was examined by soft agar clone assay and plate clone forming test, and cell migration ability was observed by scratch adhesion test. It was found that after PF-EMF exposure, cell morphology, apoptosis, cell migration ability and cell transformation didn’t change. However, compared with sham group, cell viability obviously decreased and cell cycle distribution also changed after 11 weeks PF-EMF exposure. Meanwhile, the protein level of PCNA and CyclinD1 significantly decreased after PF-EMF exposure. These data suggested that although long-term 50Hz PF-EMF exposure under this experimental condition had no effects on apoptosis, cell migration ability and cell transformation, it could affect cell proliferation and cell cycle by down-regulation the expression of PCNA and CyclinD1 protein.
Highlights
Nowadays, human living environment was surrounded by power-line frequency electromagnetic field (PF-EMF) mainly generated by electrical equipment and power lines
The protein levels of Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) and CyclinD1 significantly decreased after 11 weeks exposure to PF-EMF (p
It was reported that ELF could influence the cell morphology through altering cytoskeletal organization [16], and the cell morphology has a close relation with cell biological property
Summary
Human living environment was surrounded by power-line frequency electromagnetic field (PF-EMF) mainly generated by electrical equipment and power lines. Electromagnetic Field and Cell Behavior the potential harmful effects of PF-EMF on human health, especially its carcinogenic risk, have been paid much attention. To evaluate the potential carcinogenic effects of PF-EMF, lots of epidemiological researches have been carried out and focused primarily on leukemia development due to residential exposure on children [1] and adults [2], occupational exposure in adults [3], brain tumors [4] and breast tumors [5]. Apart from epidemiological research, long-term bioassays have been performed in which the potential oncogenicity in experimental animals exposed to ELF electromagnetic fields including PF-EMF was evaluated, and no consistent results were found [8,9,10]. Due to the principle of prudence, there is limited evidence for the carcinogenicity of ELF magnetic fields, International Agency for Research on Cancer classified it as “potential human carcinogens (2B)”in 2002
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