Effects of Iron Intensity-regulated Root Microbial Community Structure and Function on Cadmium Accumulation in Rice

Abstract

Exploring the effects of exogenous iron (Fe) on cadmium (Cd) in rice is of great significance for ensuring food security. The accumulation of Cd and the changes in the microbial community structure in rice roots under three Fe concentrations (5, 50, and 500 μmol·L-1 EDTA-Na2Fe) were studied through a hydroponic experiment. The results showed that the increase in the environmental Fe concentration promoted the formation of iron plaque on the rice roots, and both Fe-deficiency and Fe-sufficiency would enhance the adsorption and fixation of Cd on the root surface. Compared with that of normal Fe levels (50 μmol·L-1), Fe deficiency increased Cd accumulation in rice roots and shoots by 49.76% and 15.68%, respectively. Although Fe sufficiency also increased Cd accumulation in the roots by 18.39%, the Cd concentration in shoots was significantly reduced by 35.95% compared with that of the normal Fe. 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing was used to determine the root microbial community structure, and through PCA, LEfSe, and RDA analysis, it was found that compared with normal Fe, an Fe-deficient environment reduced the abundance and uniformity of root microbes. Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes at the phylum level were the dominant flora, Fe deficiency inhibited the increase in the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, and high-concentration Fe reduced the relative abundance of Proteobacteria. At the genus level, the relative abundance of functional microorganisms Ensifer, Rhodopila, Bdellovibrio, and Dyella were different under different Fe environments, which may have affected the absorption and accumulation of Cd by rice by affecting the formation of Fe plaque on the root and other biochemical processes. In addition, the effect of an Fe-deficient environment on microbial functions was higher than that of the Fe sufficient environment. This study investigated the changes in the rice root microbial community structure and the ability of rice to absorb and transport Cd under different Fe environments, which provided a theoretical basis and an important reference for the inhibition of Fe on Cd accumulation in rice in Cd-polluted paddy soil in southern China.