Effects of interspecific competition on early growth of genetically improved white spruce in mixedwood stands in northeastern Alberta

Abstract

While deployment of white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) from seed orchards is increasing in Alberta, genetic gain is only considered in pure spruce stands due to uncertainties in measuring yields in mixedwood stands. To better understand the performance of improved spruce in mixedwood stands, we compared the effects of interspecific competition on growth of improved (1.9% height gain at a 100-year rotation) and unimproved spruce in northeastern Alberta. By age 8 years the improved spruce showed no advantage over the unimproved spruce in either height (1.36 ± 0.36 m vs. 1.42 ± 0.38 m) or diameter (23.68 ± 7.33 mm vs. 25.65 ± 6.85 mm), and the largest diameter trees were found in a nutrient-poor subxeric site. A distance-independent Lorimer’s index including tree size ratio, combined with a power function, accounted for most of the growth variation in diameter and height from 2016 to 2017. The unimproved and improved spruce had different growth-competition curves across ecosites, and their height growth was less sensitive to competition than diameter growth. These results highlight several considerations for managing improved spruce, including (i) deploying higher genetic worth seedlots, (ii) developing realized gain trials with a good statistical design, and (iii) developing growth and yield functions for improved spruce in mixedwood stands.