Abstract
This paper aimed to evaluate the impact of intercropping between oats and triticale species, over three defoliation cycles. The experiment occurred in two winters in a row, and was in split-plot randomized complete blocks design (20 plots) with five species combination, four blocks and three defoliations. The main plots were the species combination: black oat (Avena strigosa cv. IAPAR 61) – BO, white oat (Avena sativa cv. IPR Emerald) – WO, triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack cv. Tpolo 981) – T; and the intercropping: black oat + triticale – BOT, and white oat + triticale - WOT. The sub-plots were the three defoliations cycles initially scheduled to be every 28 days. The intercropping between oats and triticale did not affect the accumulated dry matter yield (DM), but it also improved the pastures, as an increase on crude protein content (CP) (about 1.85% greater in WOT than WO; and 2.7% greater in BOT than BO). The number of leaves was also increased by the intercropping, from 4.2 (WO) and 3.7 (BO) to 7.6 (WOT) and 7.2 (BOT) leaves per main stem. Over the defoliation cycles, the maximum average of growth rate (2.72 t DM ha-1 ºCd-1), tiller per plant (10 tillers plant-1) and main tiller height (53.2 cm) were unanimously observed at third defoliation. The changes observed did not reduced the nutritional quality of the pastures, therefore both are highly indicated to these conditions.
Highlights
The temperate grasses are used to fill the winter gap produced by the dormancy of Cynodon spp. and as soil winter cover in crop-livestock systems
The objective of this paper was to determine the effects of intercropping white oat IPR Emerald and black oat IAPAR 61 with triticale Tpolo 981, by evaluating the productivity, canopy structure and nutritive quality of the canopy compared with their monocrop over three defoliations cycles
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Summary
The temperate grasses are used to fill the winter gap produced by the dormancy of Cynodon spp. and as soil winter cover in crop-livestock systems. Known as highly nutritive feed, these grasses have a lower yield compared with tropical ones, which leads producers to reduce the area of their cultivation, and the use of silage and grains supplementation to animals, etc. To optimize the cultivation area, some researchers have been trying to enhance the productivity of temperate grasses by mixture different genotypes and species (Carvalho et al, 2011; Duchini et al, 2016; Ferrazza et al, 2013). The intercropping of species with different growth patterns and rates can be synchronized to increase the persistence (Carvalho et al, 2011) of high digestible fibre in the field, stimulate the leaf emergence and elongation rates, promote the yield in different horizons in the canopy (Duchini et al, 2016), increase the crude protein levels of the pasture and produce a maximum of 9 t DM ha-1 (Ferrazza et al, 2013). The most used intercropping in South Brazil is between black oat (Avena sativa L.) + ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.)
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