Abstract
Hydrogen, when is blended with natural gas over time, degrades the materials used for pipe transport. Degradation is dependent on the proportion of hydrogen added to the natural gas. The assessment is made according to hydrogen permeation, risk to the integrity of structures, adaptation of surveillance and maintenance of equipment. The paper gives a survey of HE and its consequence on the design and maintenance. It is presented in a logical sequence: the design before use; the hydrogen embrittlement (HE) effects on Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure (MAOP); maintenance and surveillance during use of smooth and damaged pipes; and, particularly, for crack-like defects, corrosion defects and dents.
Highlights
For transport of pure hydrogen or blended with natural gas, pipe design needs to consider the damage of pipe steels by hydrogen embrittlement
The transition temperature is relatively low when compared with service temperature but are few affected by hydrogen embrittlement (HE)
The Maximum Admissible Operating Pressure (MAOP) needs to be modified through the design factor the yield stress is few affected by HE
Summary
An envisioned future predicts a large use of hydrogen for vehicle or heat fuel, energy storage, and energy transport [1]. The hydrogen economy would contribute to reducing green effect emissions and energy consumption. It stimulates economic growth and creates new jobs. A sustainable energy carrier for electric vehicles is one of the future uses of hydrogen. It is a medium for utility-scale renewable energy storage and fuel distribution. Because hydrogen can be produced from fossil, nuclear or renewable sources, dependence on imports and improvement of energy security can be reduced by promoting hydrogen. A large amount of energy is necessary for storage of hydrogen in compressed liquid or metal hydride form; Transport is less efficient than that of oil or gas due to this low density when comparing energy transported per unit of volume; Risks of detonation and flammability with air; Production process cost, water electrolysis, remains high; For hydrogen cars, the establishment of a network of hydrogen stations requires considerable time and investment
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