Abstract
[Purpose]This study was performed to assess the effects of high-intensity intermittent swimming training(HIT) on bone in ovariectomized rats.[Methods]Six-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to either sham operation or bilateral ovariectomy. After surgery, they were divided into the following four groups: 1) sham-operated sedentary (S), 2) sham-operated exercise training (SE), 3) OVX sedentary (O), 4) OVX exercise training (OE) 5) OVX given 17β-estradiol (OE2) and 6) OVX exercise training and given 17β-estradiol (OEE). SE, OE and OEE rats were used extremely high-intensity swim exercise. The rats repeated fourteen 20-s swimming bouts with a weight equivalent to 14, 15, and 16% of body weight for the first 5, the next 9, and the last 5 days, respectively. Between exercise bouts, a 10-s pause was allowed. HIT was originally designed as an exercise method; a method that very quickly induces an increase in the maximum oxygen intake (Tabata I et al., 1996). OEE and OE2 rats were subcutaneously injected ethanol with 25μg/kg body weight 17β-estradiol 3 times per week.[Results]Bone strength, bone mineral density and trabecular bone parameters were measured after a 8-weeks experimental period. Bone strength was significantly higher in the SE, OE, OE2 and OEE group compared with the O group. BV/TV was significant increase in the SE, OE groups compared with the O group. BMD showed no difference in the OE group compared with the O group.[Conclusion]This study demonstrate some beneficial effects of postmenopausal osteoporosis of high-intensity intermittent swimming training on bone structure and strength.
Highlights
Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a serious problem in elderly women and is characterized by a decrease in bone mass, leading to fractures and imbalanced bone turnover[1, 2]
Estrogen plays a vital role in maintaining healthy bones[12], and Katsumata et al reported that ovariectomized rats have a lower bone volume, bone strength, and a faster bone metabolism turnover, a phenomenon which is observed in women suffering from osteoporosis[13]
The decrease in bone volume, bone mineral density (BMD), and bone strength in O rats observed in the present study is consistent with the findings of Katsumata et al, and it highlights the link between estrogen deficiency and decreased bone health
Summary
Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a serious problem in elderly women and is characterized by a decrease in bone mass, leading to fractures and imbalanced bone turnover[1, 2]. Achieving a high peak bone mass during childhood and adolescence and the suppression of bone loss due to aging are important factors influencing osteoporosis. Ovariectomized rats present rapid loss of cancellous bone mass and strength. These bone loss features mimic the bone changes following oophorectomy or menopause in humans[3]. The presence of osteoporosis is determined primarily by genetic factors[4], research has shown that exercise and nutrition may help in the prevention of the osteoporosis. The mechanism by which exercise exerts beneficial effects on the bones is not well understood
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