Abstract
ObjectivesThe development of CAD—CAM techniques called for new materials suited to this technique and offering a safe and sustainable clinical implementation. The infiltration of resin in a ceramic network under high pressure and high temperature defines a new class of hybrid materials, namely polymer infiltrated ceramics network (PICN), for this purpose which requires to be evaluated biologically. We used oral stem cells (gingival and pulpal) as an in vitro experimental model.MethodsFour biomaterials were grinded, immersed in a culture medium and deposed on stem cells from dental pulp (DPSC) and gingiva (GSC): Enamic (VITA®), Experimental Hybrid Material (EHM), EHM with initiator (EHMi) and polymerized Z100™ composite material (3M®). After 7 days of incubation; viability, apoptosis, proliferation, cytoskeleton, inflammatory response and morphology were evaluated in vitro.ResultsProliferation was insignificantly delayed by all the tested materials. Significant cytotoxicity was observed in presence of resin based composites (MTT assay), however no detectable apoptosis and some dead cells were detected like in PICN materials. Cell morphology, major cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix components were not altered. An intimate contact appeared between the materials and cells.Clinical SignificanceThe three new tested biomaterials did not exhibit adverse effects on oral stem cells in our experimental conditions and may be an interesting alternative to ceramics or composite based CAD—CAM blocks.
Highlights
Loss of dental mineralized tissues caused by decay, erosion, congenital dental defects or trauma needs to be filled by biocompatible, functional, sustainable and if possible, aesthetic materials
Significant cytotoxicity was observed in presence of resin based composites (MTT assay), no detectable apoptosis and some dead cells were detected like in polymer infiltrated ceramics network (PICN) materials
The aim of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of three hybrid PICN materials (EnamicTM, Experimental Hybrid Material (EHM) and EHM with initiator (EHMi)) using the classical resin based composite as a reference and using two distinct oral mesenchymal cell culture models
Summary
Loss of dental mineralized tissues caused by decay, erosion, congenital dental defects or trauma needs to be filled by biocompatible, functional, sustainable and if possible, aesthetic materials. Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD-CAM) devices are changing the actual pattern of restorative dentistry. This chairside method allows the practitioner to treat large dental defects in only one session while it needed with conventional means several appointments and the intervention of a dental technician. CAD-CAM method allies an optical impression with a direct processing of material block by a milling unit. CAD-CAM processes may use either composite or ceramics materials. The properties of CAD-CAM materials per se should be considered and optimized
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