Abstract
Objectives: The aim of the current study was to assess the effects of hesperetin on damage to kidneys as remote organs following skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion (IR) in rats. Materials and Methods: In general, 30 male Wistar rats were randomized and placed into sham, IR, hesperetin, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and IR+hesperetin groups. The rats in the hesperetin and IR+hesperetin groups received a 50 mg/kg dose of hesperetin dissolved in DMSO intraperitoneally. In the IR+hesperetin group, hesperetin was injected exactly prior to reperfusion. To induce skeletal muscle ischemia, the femoral artery was clamped for two hours. Following a 24-hour period of reperfusion, the samples of blood were collected for renal function tests and oxidative stress measurements. Next, the rats were euthanized, and histological analyses were conducted on their removed kidneys. Results: Based on the results, urea and creatinine serum levels were significantly higher in the IR group (P<0.05) whereas they significantly reduced following treatment with hesperetin (P<0.05). The concentration of malondialdehyde (P<0.05) increased for the IR group while those of superoxide dismutase (P<0.05) and glutathione peroxidase (P<0.05) activities were lower than the other groups. The analysis of renal tissues in the IR group showed glomerular necrosis, degeneration, and necrosis of the tubular epithelium, protein casts, interstitial edema, and inflammation. Finally, the degree of renal injury was significantly ameliorated (P<0.05) in rats treated with hesperetin. Conclusions: Overall, the results indicated that in rats, hesperetin could reduce renal injury that has been induced through skeletal muscle IR.
Highlights
Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) to the extremities is exemplified by greater creatine kinase serum levels, metabolic acidosis, myoglobinuria, and hyperkalemia with an intracellular potassium deficiency, as well as the release of free radicals [1]
Compared to the sham group, the tissue activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) observed in the IR group were significantly less (P < 0.05)
Studies have reported that flavonoids may be beneficial in diseases that are attributed to oxidative stress
Summary
Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) to the extremities is exemplified by greater creatine kinase serum levels, metabolic acidosis, myoglobinuria, and hyperkalemia with an intracellular potassium deficiency, as well as the release of free radicals [1]. The oxygenated blood entering the ischemic tissue carries many free radicals, which subsequently leads to further tissue damage [2]. Kidneys are important in remote organ consequences following skeletal muscle IR. Taking this into account, research has focused on the renal function and histological lesions in animal models after hindlimb IR [4]. Research has focused on the renal function and histological lesions in animal models after hindlimb IR [4] Natural products and their derivatives exhibit efficient anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities [5]
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