Abstract
Titanium and its alloys such as Ti6Al4V play a major role in the medical industry as bone implants. Nowadays, by the aid of additive manufacturing (AM), it is possible to manufacture porous complex structures which mimic human bone. However, AM parts are near net shape and post processing may be needed to improve their mechanical properties. For instance, AM Ti6Al4V samples may be brittle and incapable of withstanding dynamic mechanical loads due to their martensitic microstructure. The aim of this study was to apply two different heat treatment regimes (below and above β-transus) to investigate their effects on the microstructure and mechanical properties of porous Ti6Al4V specimens. After heat treatment, fine acicular α′ martensitic microstructure was transformed to a mixture of α and β phases. The ductility of the heat-treated specimens, as well as some mechanical properties such as hardness, plateau stress, and first maximum stress changed while the density and elastic gradient of the porous structure remained unchanged.
Highlights
Numerous products have been influenced by advent of additive manufacturing (AM)
Static mechanical properties were extracted and presented in table 1. These results indicate that as-processed and below β-transus (T800) samples show similar mechanical behaviour
Structure density of three groups were in the same range, indicating that another post treatment methods such as hot isostatic pressing (HIP) should be applied in order to reduce process induced porosity and defects [10]
Summary
Numerous products have been influenced by advent of additive manufacturing (AM). Complex designs and structures with a wide range of materials and sizes, which would have previously been just a fantasy, are nowadays available in the market, all thanks to AM [1]. A wide range of materials are developed for AM from polymers to metals among which titanium has gained a remarkable position. Given their outstanding mechanical properties, titanium and its alloys are widely used in various industries including the aerospace, automotive, and medical industries [3, 4]. Tailored AM porous titanium meets almost all the biomedical design requirements It requires post-processing, since AM delivers near net shape and not the final product. The aim of the current study is to investigate the effects of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AM Ti6Al4V porous structures. The resulting static mechanical properties such as the elastic gradient and plateau stress as well as the microstructure and hardness profile of the heat treated samples were compared with the as-processed material
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