Abstract
BackgroundNanomaterials of biomedicine and tissue engineering have been proposed for the treatment of periodontitis in recent years. This study aimed to investigate the effects of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) combined with human β-defensin 3 (hBD3) on the repair of the alveolar bones of experimental periodontitis in rats.MethodsA model of experimental periodontitis was established by ligation of the maxillary second molars with silk thread in rats, which were treated with or without AuNPs combined with hBD3. Micro‐computerized tomography (micro-CT) scanning, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and histological and immunohistochemical staining, including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteoprotegerin (OPG), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), were used to analyze the samples.ResultsMicro-CT demonstrated that the alveolar bone resorption was significantly reduced after the treatment with AuNPs combined with hBD3. Levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were decreased markedly compared with the ligation group. H&E and Masson staining showed that AuNPs combined with hBD3 group had less inflammatory cell infiltration, collagen fibrosis and fracture, but higher calcification in the new bone tissue. Moreover, the administration of AuNPs combined with hBD3 increased the expression levels of ALP and OPG (related to bone formation) while decreasing the expression levels of TRAP and RANKL (related to bone resorption) expression.ConclusionsAuNPs combined with hBD3 had a protective effect on the progression of experimental periodontitis in rats and played a certain role in suppressing osteoclastogenesis and alleviating the inflammatory destruction of periodontitis along with the promotion of bone repair.
Highlights
Nanomaterials of biomedicine and tissue engineering have been proposed for the treatment of periodontitis in recent years
Effects of Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) combined with Human β-defensin 3 (hBD3) on alveolar bone resorption in the standard deviation (SD) rats with experimental periodontitis The absorption of alveolar bone in SD rats was detected by micro‐computerized tomography
Effects of AuNPs combined with hBD3 on serum inflammatory factors in SD rats To further prove the role of hBD3 combined with AuNPs in experimental periodontitis, the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-6, and IFN-γ in serum were detected by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
Summary
Nanomaterials of biomedicine and tissue engineering have been proposed for the treatment of periodontitis in recent years. Periodontitis is a chronic infectious disease that occurs in periodontal supporting tissues. As one of the most common oral diseases, it can cause the destruction of the periodontal supporting tissues and eventually contribute to tooth loss [1]. The purpose of periodontitis treatment is to control infection and promote tissue regeneration. The effects of tissue regeneration by current periodontal treatments, including scaling and root planing, periodontal flap surgery, and guided tissue regeneration, are limited [2, 3]. Drug therapy is associated with certain problems, such as drug resistance and flora imbalance, and it is difficult to promote tissue repair and regeneration [4, 5]. It is necessary to seek new treatment methods for the disease
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