Abstract
Ammonia reduction treatment in landfill leachate is primarily necessary to prevent toxic impacts for environmental concerns on aquatic life in surface waters. Fulvic acid (FA) is one of the refractory organic humus in landfill leachate. In this present study, the potential effects of FA on completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) systems were studied. This study focuses on the CANON reaction startup in a short time. Effects of FA on denitrification performance, sludge properties and microbial community of CANON process. The CANON process was started in a short period of time. Ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) and total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency was 98% and 80%, respectively. In the CANON process, part of the nitrification and anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction proceed simultaneously and reach the maximum rate in the aerobic aeration stage at the initial stage of the reaction. After reaching the stable operation stage, FA was added 50 mg/L, 100 mg/L, 150 mg/L and 200 mg/L, respectively. As the FA concentration reached 200 mg/L, FA addition was stopped and the recovery was observed for a period of time. Nitrogen removal performance, sludge properties and microbial communities of the CANON process, was becoming more and more obvious with the stepwise increase in Humic acid (HA) and FA concentration. With the FA concentration increased from 50 mg/L to 200 mg/L, NH4+-N and TN removal efficiency decreased from 98.00% to 80.00%–71.32% and 48.18%, respectively. Sludge concentration decreased from 3.291 g/L to 2.245 g/L. Abundance of both ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) decreased gradually, while nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) increased. After the addition of FA was stopped, the denitrification performance and granular sludge activity of CANON process were evaluated. This study can be used for application of CANON process for the treatment of landfill leachate.
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