Effects of Four Anesthetics, Clove Extract, Thyme Extract, Lidocaine, and Sodium Bicarbonate on the Blood Parameters and Cortisol Amount in Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon Idella)

Masoumeh Bahrekazemi

doi:10.15436/2381-0750.18.1586

Abstract

The anesthetic effects of two chemical compounds, lidocaine and sodium bicarbonate, and two natural compounds, clove and thyme extracts, were examined on the Red Blood Cells (RBC), White Blood Cells (WBC), hemoglobin, hematocrit, and blood cortisol levels of Grass carp at two times of 10 minutes and 24 hours after anesthesia. RBC counts had no significant increase in the samples of 10 min and 24 h after induction of anesthesia with clove extract only compared to the control group (p > 0.05). The number of WBC increased significantly in the samples from 10 min and 24 h after anesthesia with sodium bicarbonate only and it was not different from control samples in other treatments 24 h after anesthesia. The amount of hemoglobin indicated an increase with all treatments compared to the control in 10 min after anesthesia. The increases were not significant in thyme and clove extract (P > 0.05). Samples treated at 24h after anesthesia exhibited non statistical hemoglobin elevations with thyme extract only. Hematocrit increased significantly in the samples from 10 min after anesthesia with lidocaine and sodium bicarbonate but, at 24h after anesthesia, hematocrit amount with thyme and clove extracts and lidocaine treatments were not different from the control significantly (P > 0.05). Also, Cortisol level was significantly higher in both sampling times for lidocaine and sodium bicarbonate treatments than the control group. Accordingly, the use of natural anesthetics (thyme and clove extracts) will result in better outcomes than the synthetic compounds (sodium bicarbonate and lidocaine) in the Grass carp.

Highlights

In today’s aquaculture industry of many countries, anesthesia techniques receive special attention to reduce stress and achieve higher meat quality.The use of anesthetics and stolidity drugs in aquaculture can positively impact the quality of protein produced[1]
The results of this study showed that the numbers of Red Blood Cells (RBC) were not significantly different in the samples anesthetized by clove extract compared to control samples after 10 min and 24h after anesthesia (p > 0.05)
After preparing the anesthetic solutions with the desired concentrations [Table 2], fish were anesthetized via bathing in small tanks and transferred to larger tanks to recover from anesthesia

Summary

Introduction

In today’s aquaculture industry of many countries, anesthesia techniques receive special attention to reduce stress and achieve higher meat quality.The use of anesthetics and stolidity drugs in aquaculture can positively impact the quality of protein produced[1]. Common anesthetics in aquaculture include tricaine methane sulfonate (MS222), benzocaine, coinaldine, metomidate, clove extract, and 2-phenoxy ethanol[5]. Some of these anesthetics have carcinogenic effects and, in addition, the periods of avoidance for human consumption are sometimes very long in the health legislations of countries[6]. During and/or following anesthesia, the blood of fish may undergo some transient or prolonged changes These changes can include anemia, compensatory increase in RBC, increased WBC count, and changes in blood cortisol levels caused by oxygen deficiency, and stress among other factors[5]. The aim of this study, Vol: Issue: 1 page no: 1/4 was to evaluate the effects of anesthetic combination of herbs (thyme and clove extracts) and two chemical anesthetics (lidocaine and sodium bicarbonate) on the Grass carp

Materials and Methods

Results

Discussion